程(cheng)序(xu):為進(jin)行(xing)某項活動或過程(cheng)所規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)途徑,程(cheng)序(xu)可(ke)(ke)形(xing)成(cheng)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)也可(ke)(ke)不形(xing)成(cheng)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)。對于很(hen)少接觸(chu)質量管理工作或者(zhe)質量體系(xi)(xi)工作的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員可(ke)(ke)能對程(cheng)序(xu)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)比(bi)較陌(mo)(mo)生(sheng),甚至是剛接觸(chu)ISO9001:2015不久的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員也會(hui)對其有(you)(you)(you)陌(mo)(mo)生(sheng)感,因為在ISO9001:2015版(ban)本標(biao)準(zhun)中已經(jing)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)對程(cheng)序(xu)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)規(gui)定嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)編制(zhi)要求了(le),但質量管理體系(xi)(xi)標(biao)準(zhun)從ISO9001:1994到2000版(ban)、2008版(ban),在較早的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)幾個版(ban)本標(biao)準(zhun)中仍是有(you)(you)(you)明確的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)序(xu)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)編制(zhi)要求的(de)(de)(de),下面就根據自(zi)身21年的(de)(de)(de)工作經(jing)驗中所接觸(chu)這(zhe)么多(duo)版(ban)本標(biao)準(zhun)來淺談下即使(shi)程(cheng)序(xu)文(wen)(wen)件(jian)已經(jing)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)明確要求了(le),但實際上各(ge)行(xing)各(ge)業都(dou)不應忽視它的(de)(de)(de)重要性。
首先我們可以通過對比下歷次版本(ben)的ISO9001質量管理體系標準,就從2000版開(kai)始進行統計對比吧,如下:
ISO9001:2000版(ban):明確規定了應按標(biao)準要求建立(li)程(cheng)序文(wen)件,通(tong)常達(da)到10多份程(cheng)序文(wen)件。
ISO9001:2008版:明確規定(ding)了(le)六(liu)份必要文件(jian)“文件(jian)控制(zhi)程(cheng)序(xu)、記錄控制(zhi)程(cheng)序(xu)、不(bu)合格品(pin)控制(zhi)程(cheng)序(xu)、內(nei)部審(shen)核程(cheng)序(xu)、糾(jiu)正措施(shi)程(cheng)序(xu)、預防(fang)措施(shi)程(cheng)序(xu)”。
ISO9001:2015版:在(zai)標準中只在(zai)4.3、5.2.2、6.2.1、8.1等四個條款處(chu)明確(que)規定“保持成文信息”的要(yao)求,不(bu)再強(qiang)制(zhi)規定需要(yao)編(bian)制(zhi)哪些(xie)程序(xu)文件(jian)。
以(yi)(yi)上程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)的數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的變化可(ke)(ke)(ke)明顯看到質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體系標(biao)準中對(dui)(dui)(dui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)要(yao)求的淡(dan)化,在(zai)實(shi)際工(gong)(gong)作中有(you)一(yi)部(bu)分工(gong)(gong)廠的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體系從業人員(yuan)認為(wei)(wei)新(xin)版ISO9001:2015標(biao)準已經沒有(you)要(yao)求哪些文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)要(yao)編制(zhi)形成文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)工(gong)(gong)廠應(ying)盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)少(shao)編制(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian),甚(shen)至越少(shao)越好。我個(ge)人并不(bu)贊(zan)成這(zhe)種(zhong)觀點和這(zhe)種(zhong)理(li)(li)(li)解(jie),不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)否認的是(shi)確實(shi)在(zai)新(xin)版的標(biao)準中明顯淡(dan)化了對(dui)(dui)(dui)編制(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)的強制(zhi)要(yao)求,但并不(bu)意味著作為(wei)(wei)運行(xing)(xing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體系標(biao)準的各(ge)行(xing)(xing)各(ge)業就有(you)理(li)(li)(li)由減少(shao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)的數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang),其(qi)實(shi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)的巨大作用不(bu)應(ying)被(bei)忽視和淡(dan)化,其(qi)作用有(you):針對(dui)(dui)(dui)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建立標(biao)準化的流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、形成文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)利于(yu)企業內部(bu)傳(chuan)承、利于(yu)開展(zhan)(zhan)培訓、也可(ke)(ke)(ke)作為(wei)(wei)開展(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)作的執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)依據、還可(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)內部(bu)得到共同交流(liu)(liu)分享(xiang)等。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)我個(ge)人仍堅持認為(wei)(wei)應(ying)建立必要(yao)的適宜的能(neng)夠覆蓋(gai)一(yi)定管(guan)(guan)控范圍(wei)的程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian),這(zhe)些文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)不(bu)一(yi)定是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)每個(ge)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)編制(zhi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)應(ying)一(yi)個(ge)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)刻意追求文(wen)(wen)(wen)件(jian)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的多少(shao),但應(ying)能(neng)覆蓋(gai)需要(yao)管(guan)(guan)控的范圍(wei),比如:不(bu)合格品控制(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、內部(bu)審核控制(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、糾(jiu)正措施管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、變更管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)控制(zhi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)等。
另外我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)可(ke)以再(zai)對比下IATF16949標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun),在2016年IATF16949汽(qi)(qi)車(che)質量(liang)管理體(ti)系標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)正式發布(bu)。在這(zhe)個標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)一個詞(ci)組(zu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)應該引起高度(du)重(zhong)(zhong)視的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),它就是(shi)(shi)(shi):建(jian)(jian)立(li)文(wen)(wen)件化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),在標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)條(tiao)款(kuan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)英文(wen)(wen)書寫(xie)為(wei)(wei):documented process(es),這(zhe)個詞(ci)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)俗意思是(shi)(shi)(shi),需要編制或建(jian)(jian)立(li)文(wen)(wen)件化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),以支持該過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持續運行(xing)(建(jian)(jian)立(li)、實施、保持和改(gai)進)。經過(guo)統計發現在IATF16949標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)條(tiao)款(kuan)中(zhong)(zhong)明確寫(xie)有(you)(you)(you)documented process(es)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)款(kuan)有(you)(you)(you)22處,首先我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)應認識到這(zhe)22處要求是(shi)(shi)(shi)IATF16949標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明確要求,不是(shi)(shi)(shi)ISO9001中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求,IATF16949標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)條(tiao)款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匯(hui)編專家們(men)(men)通(tong)過(guo)在標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)仍(reng)明確提出了為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)些環(huan)節建(jian)(jian)立(li)文(wen)(wen)件化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),說明這(zhe)些過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)在質量(liang)管理體(ti)系中(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),它們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要性是(shi)(shi)(shi)不容(rong)忽視的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),ISO9001::2015標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)相比IATF16949汽(qi)(qi)車(che)質量(liang)管理體(ti)系標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)而言,從編制程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)文(wen)(wen)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強制要求來(lai)看,后者明顯就要嚴(yan)格得多(duo)。因(yin)此我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi):程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)文(wen)(wen)件仍(reng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在質量(liang)管理體(ti)系中(zhong)(zhong)起著(zhu)舉足輕重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong),千萬(wan)不用(yong)刻意誤解了標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun),程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)文(wen)(wen)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)和編寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)絕不應被忽視。
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