一(yi)、企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑戰(zhan)相關(guan)內容 1. 從(cong)客戶需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)到(dao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian) - 在(zai)當今企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)活(huo)動中(zhong)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈一(yi)體化是重(zhong)要(yao)趨勢。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)要(yao)關(guan)注(zhu)客戶之(zhi)聲（VOC），并將其(qi)與(yu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)相聯系。因為供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)直接影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)能否(fou)滿足客戶需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)。例(li)(li)如(ru)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)接收到(dao)客戶對(dui)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、交(jiao)貨期(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，而(er)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原材料或零部件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、交(jiao)貨及(ji)時性(xing)等(deng)(deng)都會影(ying)響(xiang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)對(dui)客戶需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)響(xiang)應(ying)。如(ru)果供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部件(jian)經常延遲(chi)交(jiao)貨或者質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)就難以向(xiang)客戶提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)和(he)及(ji)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)付服務。 - 供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)管理已成(cheng)為企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)核(he)心競爭(zheng)力(li)之(zhi)一(yi)。就像豐(feng)田汽車(che)生(sheng)產(chan)模(mo)式(shi)，其(qi)成(cheng)功建立在(zai)可靠、強而(er)穩(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)體系之(zhi)上。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)運(yun)模(mo)式(shi)和(he)績(ji)效很大程度上取決于供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。例(li)(li)如(ru)，一(yi)個制造企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)如(ru)果供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原材料總(zong)是有(you)缺陷(xian)，會導(dao)致企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)效率降低，增(zeng)加生(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)，甚(shen)至影(ying)響(xiang)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場競爭(zheng)力(li)。 2. 成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)與(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang) - 企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)生(sheng)存和(he)發(fa)展過程中(zhong)，成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)是否(fou)滿意是個重(zhong)要(yao)問題，其(qi)中(zhong)包括工(gong)資成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)、缺陷(xian)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)、商(shang)(shang)務成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)等(deng)(deng)。在(zai)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系上，傳統觀(guan)念和(he)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)觀(guan)念有(you)很大不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。傳統觀(guan)念認為提(ti)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)會增(zeng)加成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)，而(er)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)觀(guan)念認識到(dao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升可以帶來(lai)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)節約。例(li)(li)如(ru)，通過預防性(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)保證方法(fa)，雖然在(zai)前(qian)期(qi)(qi)可能有(you)一(yi)定(ding)投入(ru)，但從(cong)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)看(kan)可以減少因質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)問題導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廢品(pin)、返工(gong)和(he)保修(xiu)等(deng)(deng)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。從(cong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)分布來(lai)看(kan)，故(gu)障成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)往往占(zhan)比*，像廢品(pin)率37%、返工(gong)率23%、保修(xiu)/優惠占(zhan)40%等(deng)(deng)情況，這就更凸顯了供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)。
二、供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發和評(ping)定(ding) 1. 過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li) - 過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)是(shi)評(ping)估供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)方(fang)面。這包括供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)率、穩定(ding)性(xing)等。例(li)如，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)是(shi)否(fou)能(neng)夠在(zai)規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)內生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出(chu)足夠數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)且質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)合格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。如果供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)經常(chang)出(chu)現中(zhong)斷(duan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)速(su)度慢等問題，就難以滿足企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)。對(dui)于一(yi)(yi)些對(dui)交貨期要(yao)求(qiu)嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業來說，供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)直接(jie)關(guan)系到企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)計劃能(neng)否(fou)順(shun)利(li)執(zhi)行。 2. 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術能(neng)力(li)(li)(li) - 供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)決定(ding)了其(qi)(qi)能(neng)否(fou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出(chu)符合企(qi)業要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。例(li)如，在(zai)高科技(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業中(zhong)，企(qi)業需要(yao)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)具備先進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術來制造高精度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零部件。如果供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術落后，可(ke)能(neng)無法達到企(qi)業對(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)規格(ge)、性(xing)能(neng)等方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。而且，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)更有可(ke)能(neng)在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)創(chuang)新(xin)方(fang)面與(yu)企(qi)業進(jin)(jin)(jin)行合作，共同開(kai)發出(chu)更具競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。 3. 質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)體系 - 供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)體系是(shi)衡量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)其(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)保(bao)證(zheng)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。像(xiang)ISO 9001質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)體系標準(zhun)就是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衡量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)依據。一(yi)(yi)個(ge)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)體系能(neng)夠確保(bao)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)在(zai)原材料采購、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)檢驗等各個(ge)環節都(dou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行有效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制。例(li)如，通過(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)立質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)體系，供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)可(ke)以規范生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵控(kong)制點進(jin)(jin)(jin)行嚴格(ge)監控(kong)，從(cong)而保(bao)證(zheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)。
三、衡(heng)量(liang)供(gong)應商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang) 1. 品(pin)質(zhi)結果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)衡(heng)量(liang) - 產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding) - 這(zhe)是直(zhi)接(jie)評(ping)估供(gong)應商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)以通過對(dui)供(gong)應商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)進行各種檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)、試(shi)驗等手段來測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)其質(zhi)量(liang)。例(li)(li)如(ru)，對(dui)原材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)化學成(cheng)分分析、對(dui)零部件的(de)(de)(de)物理性(xing)能測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)等。只有(you)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)符合(he)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)標準，才能被(bei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)接(jie)受并用(yong)于(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)。 2. 品(pin)質(zhi)過程(cheng)(cheng)能力指(zhi)數(shu)Ca、Cp、Cpk、Ppk、Cmk及其應用(yong) - 這(zhe)些指(zhi)數(shu)是衡(heng)量(liang)供(gong)應商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)能力的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要工具。Ca反映了過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)準確度(du)(du)，Cp反映了過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)精密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)，Cpk綜合(he)考慮了準確度(du)(du)和精密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)等。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)以通過計(ji)算這(zhe)些指(zhi)數(shu)來評(ping)估供(gong)應商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)是否(fou)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)、是否(fou)能夠持(chi)續生(sheng)產(chan)出合(he)格產(chan)品(pin)。例(li)(li)如(ru)，在(zai)汽車(che)制造行業(ye)(ye)(ye)，對(dui)于(yu)關鍵零部件供(gong)應商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)會要求其Cpk值達到一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)水平(ping)，以確保零部件的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)。 3. 品(pin)質(zhi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)方法和程(cheng)(cheng)序 - 抽(chou)樣(yang)(yang)計(ji)劃(hua) - 抽(chou)樣(yang)(yang)計(ji)劃(hua)是在(zai)不能對(dui)供(gong)應商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)所有(you)產(chan)品(pin)進行全面檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)時采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種有(you)效方法。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)以根據(ju)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)、生(sheng)產(chan)批量(liang)等因素(su)制定(ding)(ding)(ding)合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)抽(chou)樣(yang)(yang)計(ji)劃(hua)。例(li)(li)如(ru)，按照一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)抽(chou)樣(yang)(yang)比例(li)(li)從(cong)供(gong)應商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)批次中(zhong)抽(chou)取樣(yang)(yang)本進行檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，如(ru)果(guo)樣(yang)(yang)本合(he)格則(ze)判定(ding)(ding)(ding)整批產(chan)品(pin)合(he)格。這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)既(ji)可(ke)以在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)上保證產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)監控，又能節(jie)省檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)成(cheng)本和時間。
四、其(qi)(qi)他重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)內(nei)容 1. 供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng) - 對(dui)于(yu)新供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)（SCM）部(bu)(bu)門(men)會建立評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)計(ji)劃。新供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)可(ke)(ke)能基于(yu)多種(zhong)原(yuan)因(yin)，如新機種(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)新類型材(cai)料(liao)而(er)現(xian)有(you)(you)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)無法(fa)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)、現(xian)有(you)(you)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)被淘(tao)汰需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)增(zeng)補(bu)、現(xian)有(you)(you)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)產(chan)(chan)能不能滿足需(xu)求(qiu)等(deng)(deng)。在(zai)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，會對(dui)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各個方面(mian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)，以確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)其(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)能力提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)符合(he)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。 2. SQM程(cheng)序 - SQM（Supplier Quality Management）程(cheng)序包括預防(fang)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)等(deng)(deng)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)。在(zai)預防(fang)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)采(cai)取措施(shi)防(fang)止供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)出現(xian)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)；在(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)符合(he)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)；在(zai)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)持(chi)續對(dui)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)表現(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)跟(gen)蹤監(jian)(jian)測。例(li)如，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)定(ding)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)審(shen)(shen)核(he)、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)抽檢等(deng)(deng)方式來(lai)實(shi)現(xian)對(dui)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)。 3. 質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)改(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)方法(fa) - 質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)方面(mian)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)習抽樣檢驗、過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)、統計(ji)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)等(deng)(deng)基本(ben)方法(fa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)技術(shu)。例(li)如，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)圖來(lai)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)生產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)是否(fou)穩(wen)定(ding)。在(zai)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)改(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)方面(mian)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)了解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)圈、六西格瑪(ma)、PDCA循(xun)環(huan)(huan)等(deng)(deng)方法(fa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)工(gong)具。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)可(ke)(ke)以和(he)(he)(he)(he)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)一起運用這些方法(fa)來(lai)不斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。例(li)如，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)PDCA循(xun)環(huan)(huan)（計(ji)劃、執行(xing)(xing)、檢查(cha)、處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)）不斷(duan)優(you)化供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。 4. 缺陷管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、客戶(hu)(hu)滿意(yi)(yi)度(du)等(deng)(deng) - 在(zai)缺陷管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方面(mian)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)準(zhun)確(que)(que)、及時地記錄、分(fen)(fen)類和(he)(he)(he)(he)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或服務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺陷問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，并(bing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)其(qi)(qi)根(gen)本(ben)原(yuan)因(yin)。對(dui)于(yu)客戶(hu)(hu)滿意(yi)(yi)度(du)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)了解(jie)(jie)如何(he)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)并(bing)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)反(fan)饋(kui)結果(guo)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)改(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)都要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)關(guan)注(zhu)客戶(hu)(hu)滿意(yi)(yi)度(du)，因(yin)為(wei)最(zui)終產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)是面(mian)向客戶(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果(guo)客戶(hu)(hu)對(dui)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)不滿意(yi)(yi)，可(ke)(ke)能是供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)或零部(bu)(bu)件存在(zai)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，所以要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)共同努力提(ti)升客戶(hu)(hu)體(ti)驗。 5. 團隊合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)與(yu)溝通(tong)、過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)等(deng)(deng) - 在(zai)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)，團隊合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)與(yu)溝通(tong)也非常(chang)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)購、品(pin)(pin)(pin)管(guan)(guan)、研(yan)發(fa)等(deng)(deng)部(bu)(bu)門(men)與(yu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)之間要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝通(tong)與(yu)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)。例(li)如，研(yan)發(fa)部(bu)(bu)門(men)將產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)準(zhun)確(que)(que)傳達給供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)，采(cai)購部(bu)(bu)門(men)與(yu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)協調交貨期等(deng)(deng)。過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)則(ze)是要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)各個工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)優(you)化，確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或服務質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性和(he)(he)(he)(he)持(chi)續改(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)。 6. 內(nei)審(shen)(shen)與(yu)認證(zheng)(zheng)、風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)等(deng)(deng) - 企(qi)(qi)業(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)掌握內(nei)部(bu)(bu)審(shen)(shen)核(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)技巧，為(wei)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認證(zheng)(zheng)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)支持(chi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)準(zhun)備。同時，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)了解(jie)(jie)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)原(yuan)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)方法(fa)，預防(fang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)應(ying)(ying)(ying)對(dui)可(ke)(ke)能出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。例(li)如，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)識別供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)可(ke)(ke)能存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)，如原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)中(zhong)斷(duan)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)不穩(wen)定(ding)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)，并(bing)采(cai)取相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)防(fang)范。 7. 數據(ju)(ju)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)與(yu)決(jue)策(ce) - 企(qi)(qi)業(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)會利(li)用數據(ju)(ju)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)決(jue)策(ce)，以支持(chi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效運行(xing)(xing)。例(li)如，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)數據(ju)(ju)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)(gu)其(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)趨勢，從(cong)而(er)決(jue)定(ding)是否(fou)繼續合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)或者調整合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)策(ce)略等(deng)(deng)。
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