不得以過激行為對抗單位的管理方案
(本文由勞動法鐘永棣老師原創)
【專家評析】
勞(lao)動法鐘永棣老師認(ren)為,出于經營(ying)管理(li)的需要,企業在(zai)不(bu)同的發(fa)展階(jie)段可能會出臺不(bu)同的經營(ying)管理(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an),這些方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)很可能影響到勞(lao)動者的切身利益。勞(lao)資雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)均應(ying)認(ren)識到,雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)存在(zai)利益沖突是一(yi)個非常正常的社(she)會現象。此(ci)時(shi),雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)通過合法合理(li)的方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)解決問題。企業可采(cai)取(qu)法定民主程序(xu)出臺和(he)實施新方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)。勞(lao)動者可通過合理(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)提出異議,與(yu)企業友(you)好協商(shang)解決問題,但(dan)不(bu)應(ying)采(cai)取(qu)消極(ji)怠工(gong)、停工(gong)罷(ba)工(gong)、聚眾鬧事、破壞設備等過激行為或違紀(ji)違規行為與(yu)企業對抗(kang);否則企業有權依(yi)法給予紀(ji)律(lv)處(chu)分,甚至無條件解除勞(lao)動關(guan)系。
【基本案情】
王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)某(mou)于2010年(nian)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)8日(ri)進(jin)入(ru)K公司(si)(si)處(chu)工(gong)作,在(zai)(zai)第一工(gong)段(duan)擔任電焊工(gong)。2014年(nian)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)前(qian),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)某(mou)領取計(ji)件工(gong)資。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)某(mou)于2014年(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)4日(ri)至同(tong)(tong)年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)3日(ri)期(qi)間(jian)停工(gong),未提供正(zheng)常勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)。2014年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)3日(ri),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)某(mou)在(zai)(zai)要求公司(si)(si)辭退的人員名單中簽名。同(tong)(tong)日(ri),K公司(si)(si)向(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)某(mou)出具《解除勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)通知書》,內載:“根據《員工(gong)手冊》、公司(si)(si)的相(xiang)關管理制度(du)及《勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)法(fa)》的相(xiang)關規(gui)定,公司(si)(si)決定與(yu)你解除勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)……”。2014年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)某(mou)申請勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)仲(zhong)裁(cai)(cai),主張(zhang)違法(fa)解除勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)的賠償金。2014年(nian)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)22日(ri)仲(zhong)裁(cai)(cai)委裁(cai)(cai)決駁回(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)某(mou)的請求。
【爭議焦點】
(員工觀點)就(jiu)解(jie)除勞動合同一(yi)(yi)節,王某(mou)(mou)陳述(shu),K公司2014年5月(yue)出臺(tai)新(xin)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)分(fen)配考核管理方(fang)案(an)(an),該方(fang)案(an)(an)大幅(fu)度提高了(le)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的生產定(ding)額(e),變相降低了(le)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi),員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不同意新(xin)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)分(fen)配方(fang)案(an)(an),雙(shuang)方(fang)為此于2014年5月(yue)4日(ri)(ri)起進行協(xie)商。協(xie)商過(guo)(guo)程中王某(mou)(mou)亦將(jiang)不同意的理由(you)一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)羅(luo)列并遞交給了(le)K公司,但K公司一(yi)(yi)意孤行,強(qiang)行要求員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)接受新(xin)方(fang)案(an)(an)并到崗上班,員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不同意,K公司即違法(fa)解(jie)除了(le)勞動合同。王某(mou)(mou)認(ren)為,由(you)于2014年5月(yue)4日(ri)(ri)至同年6月(yue)3日(ri)(ri)期間雙(shuang)方(fang)處于協(xie)商階(jie)段,故(gu)(gu)其無(wu)法(fa)正常(chang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),且公司為流水線操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),前一(yi)(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)段沒有完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)則后一(yi)(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)段也(ye)無(wu)法(fa)繼續工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),故(gu)(gu)王某(mou)(mou)該期間不屬于曠工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)或消(xiao)極怠(dai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。另,K公司于2014年5月(yue)4日(ri)(ri)推(tui)行新(xin)方(fang)案(an)(an),但5月(yue)11日(ri)(ri)才(cai)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)職(zhi)(zhi)代會(hui)決(jue)議(yi),且職(zhi)(zhi)代會(hui)的組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)規模(mo)及人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)亦不合法(fa),不能代表全體員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的切實需(xu)求,故(gu)(gu)以此方(fang)式決(jue)議(yi)通過(guo)(guo)的方(fang)案(an)(an)顯(xian)然是無(wu)效的。
王某(mou)為(wei)支持其訴請,向一審法院提供了仲裁(cai)裁(cai)決(jue)書(shu)、勞(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)、銀行轉賬記錄、勞(lao)(lao)動報酬結算書(shu)、解除勞(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)通(tong)知(zhi)書(shu)、2012年(nian)二(er)、三(san)(san)、四工(gong)(gong)(gong)段計件(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)復(fu)印件(jian)(jian)、2013年(nian)二(er)、三(san)(san)、四工(gong)(gong)(gong)段計件(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資修訂方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)、2014年(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)4日(ri)車間改革及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資分配考核管理(li)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)、2014年(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)8日(ri)K公司(si)征求(qiu)意(yi)見(jian)通(tong)告、2014年(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)11日(ri)職代會(hui)決(jue)議(yi)及(ji)簽到表、決(jue)議(yi)公告、2014年(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)12、15日(ri)關(guan)于(yu)(yu)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)到崗工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)通(tong)知(zhi)、2014年(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)公司(si)的(de)(de)告知(zhi)書(shu)及(ji)聲(sheng)明、員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)關(guan)于(yu)(yu)考核管理(li)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)及(ji)八點(dian)意(yi)見(jian)、關(guan)于(yu)(yu)給(gei)予賈X等(deng)(deng)人通(tong)報批評的(de)(de)決(jue)定、關(guan)于(yu)(yu)與(yu)(yu)賈X等(deng)(deng)14名員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)解除勞(lao)(lao)動關(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)通(tong)知(zhi)、關(guan)于(yu)(yu)與(yu)(yu)郭X等(deng)(deng)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)解除勞(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)的(de)(de)通(tong)知(zhi)、關(guan)于(yu)(yu)與(yu)(yu)吳(wu)X杰、吳(wu)X省解除勞(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)的(de)(de)通(tong)知(zhi)、2014年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)3日(ri)工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)關(guan)于(yu)(yu)與(yu)(yu)部分員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)解除勞(lao)(lao)動關(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)回復(fu)、2014年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)3日(ri)手機視頻及(ji)照片(pian)、報案(an)(an)(an)筆錄、詢(xun)問筆錄、驗(yan)傷(shang)通(tong)知(zhi)書(shu)、治安調解協議(yi)書(shu)、接(jie)警登記表等(deng)(deng)證據材料(liao)。
(企業觀點)K公(gong)(gong)司(si)對此則陳述,雙方(fang)在就(jiu)車(che)間(jian)改革及工資分配方(fang)案的(de)(de)推行發生爭(zheng)議時,王(wang)某(mou)并未采(cai)用正當的(de)(de)方(fang)式協商,而(er)是于5月4日起以(yi)停工、拉(la)閘(zha)等行為迫使(shi)(shi)K公(gong)(gong)司(si)該日起停工停產,在第三方(fang)介入的(de)(de)情況下(xia),王(wang)某(mou)仍以(yi)停工拒(ju)不勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)方(fang)式意圖迫使(shi)(shi)K公(gong)(gong)司(si)接受王(wang)某(mou)的(de)(de)要求。K公(gong)(gong)司(si)認為,王(wang)某(mou)的(de)(de)行為不僅違反了(le)公(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)規(gui)章(zhang)制度,且嚴重違背(bei)了(le)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者最基(ji)本的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)義(yi)務,故K公(gong)(gong)司(si)在此情況下(xia)解除(chu)王(wang)某(mou)的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同完全合(he)法。
K公(gong)司為支持其辯稱意見(jian),向一審(shen)法(fa)院提供要求(qiu)公(gong)司辭退的(de)(de)人員名單、員工(gong)手冊及(ji)簽(qian)收文(wen)件、關(guan)于(yu)給予賈(jia)X等人通報(bao)批評的(de)(de)決定、關(guan)于(yu)與賈(jia)X等人解除勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)通知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、關(guan)于(yu)與吳X杰、吳X省解除勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)通知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、職代會(hui)決議(yi)、現(xian)場照(zhao)片及(ji)情況說(shuo)明、短信通知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、K公(gong)司大(da)門(men)考(kao)(kao)勤(qin)處錄像光盤及(ji)書(shu)面記錄單、車(che)(che)間改革及(ji)工(gong)資(zi)分配考(kao)(kao)核(he)管理方案(an)、工(gong)資(zi)明細表及(ji)工(gong)時(shi)工(gong)資(zi)統計(ji)表、各工(gong)段生產(chan)情況、110接警登記表、2014年5月4日(ri)在產(chan)整車(che)(che)折算計(ji)件工(gong)資(zi)計(ji)算方法(fa)、K公(gong)司多(duo)次(ci)向王某(mou)發送上班通知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)短信的(de)(de)公(gong)證(zheng)書(shu)、勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)、勞(lao)(lao)動報(bao)酬(chou)結算書(shu)、解除勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)通知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)、仲裁庭審(shen)理筆錄、職代會(hui)決議(yi)及(ji)決議(yi)通過的(de)(de)相應計(ji)件工(gong)資(zi)方案(an)等證(zheng)據材料。
【法院觀點】
一(yi)審法院認為,勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者應當(dang)遵守(shou)用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)規章(zhang)制度(du)和勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)紀(ji)律、職(zhi)業道德,認真(zhen)履行(xing)自己的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)職(zhi)責,并親自完(wan)成勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同約定的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)任(ren)務。本案雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)雖因K公(gong)司(si)(si)推行(xing)2014年5月4日的(de)(de)(de)《車(che)間改革及工(gong)(gong)資分配考核管(guan)理方(fang)(fang)案》而(er)引發爭(zheng)議,但爭(zheng)議期間勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者仍應遵守(shou)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)紀(ji)律,完(wan)成勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)任(ren)務,就爭(zheng)議事項應當(dang)通(tong)過(guo)協商等理性的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式加以解(jie)(jie)(jie)決。然,王某(mou)卻于(yu)2014年5月4日起采用(yong)停工(gong)(gong)、不(bu)提供正(zheng)常(chang)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等不(bu)當(dang)方(fang)(fang)式,在K公(gong)司(si)(si)多次通(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)王某(mou)到崗(gang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),并告知(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)到崗(gang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)果的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia),王某(mou)仍未到崗(gang)提供正(zheng)常(chang)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),王某(mou)該(gai)行(xing)為顯然違反(fan)了勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者負(fu)有的(de)(de)(de)最基本的(de)(de)(de)義務。而(er)王某(mou)又于(yu)2014年6月3日簽名要求(qiu)公(gong)司(si)(si)辭退(tui)。在此(ci)情況下(xia),K公(gong)司(si)(si)于(yu)2014年6月3日解(jie)(jie)(jie)除雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關系,并無(wu)不(bu)妥。且K公(gong)司(si)(si)提交了致工(gong)(gong)會的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)(jie)除通(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)及工(gong)(gong)會回復,證明K公(gong)司(si)(si)作(zuo)(zuo)出的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關系的(de)(de)(de)決定已(yi)通(tong)過(guo)民主程序(xu)。綜上,K公(gong)司(si)(si)解(jie)(jie)(jie)除王某(mou)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同并未違反(fan)法律規定,王某(mou)無(wu)權獲賠經(jing)濟補償或賠償金。
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