利(li)用稅收(shou)優惠(hui)政(zheng)策獲(huo)取稅收(shou)利(li)益,以(yi)實現稅后利(li)潤最大化,是(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)實施稅收(shou)籌劃常用的(de)方式。由(you)于稅收(shou)優惠(hui)政(zheng)策條款繁雜(za),適(shi)用要求高,不同的(de)優惠(hui)政(zheng)策所(suo)帶來的(de)預(yu)期稅收(shou)利(li)益和籌劃成本,以(yi)及對稅后利(li)潤總(zong)額影響是(shi)(shi)不一樣的(de)。
1、在適用多項稅收(shou)優惠政策時(shi),必(bi)須進行(xing)比(bi)較分(fen)析,通過綜合(he)平衡后做出(chu)選擇
稅收優惠政策籌(chou)劃的(de)(de)(de)重點在于根據自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)情況和現行稅收優惠政策的(de)(de)(de)規定,通(tong)過(guo)合理選擇(ze)和運(yun)用,以(yi)達到節稅或其他稅收籌(chou)劃的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。
當企(qi)(qi)業(ye)同(tong)時適(shi)用多項稅(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)優(you)(you)惠(hui)政策(ce),并(bing)要在(zai)其中做出(chu)相應選(xuan)擇時,必須通(tong)過比較分析(xi),綜合平(ping)衡后(hou),以獲取(qu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)利(li)(li)益最(zui)大化或特定稅(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)目標(biao)效率(lv)最(zui)大化為標(biao)準作出(chu)選(xuan)擇。由于某項稅(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)優(you)(you)惠(hui)政策(ce)是(shi)針(zhen)對特定的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)種(zhong)而設計(ji)的(de)(de),而企(qi)(qi)業(ye)一般(ban)需要同(tong)時繳納(na)多種(zhong)稅(shui)(shui)(shui),這(zhe)些稅(shui)(shui)(shui)之間又往往存在(zai)此消(xiao)彼長的(de)(de)關系。因此,評價某項稅(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)優(you)(you)惠(hui)政策(ce)帶來的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)利(li)(li)益,主要是(shi)通(tong)過實施該(gai)項政策(ce)后(hou)所產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)總收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益或優(you)(you)惠(hui)期內產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)總收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益的(de)(de)現(xian)值等指標(biao)來反映。
2、充分考慮稅收優惠(hui)政策的籌劃成本
稅(shui)收優(you)惠政策的(de)籌劃(hua)(hua)成(cheng)本包(bao)括直(zhi)接成(cheng)本和間(jian)接成(cheng)本。直(zhi)接成(cheng)本主要是指為滿足某一稅(shui)收優(you)惠政策的(de)要求,對目前(qian)企業經(jing)濟狀況的(de)改變(bian)而發生的(de)經(jing)濟資源的(de)消(xiao)耗。此外,直(zhi)接成(cheng)本還包(bao)括稅(shui)收籌劃(hua)(hua)中實際發生的(de)費(fei)用。直(zhi)接成(cheng)本一般可用貨幣表示(shi)。
間(jian)接成本(ben)主要是指(zhi)稅(shui)收優(you)惠(hui)(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)實(shi)施過(guo)程中可能出現的(de)(de)不(bu)確定(ding)因(yin)素(su)而造成風險費用(yong)。例(li)如,因(yin)社會經濟(ji)因(yin)素(su)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)而使(shi)正在(zai)(zai)執行的(de)(de)優(you)惠(hui)(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)突然被取消而給企業(ye)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)損失(shi),或者在(zai)(zai)稅(shui)收優(you)惠(hui)(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)實(shi)施過(guo)程中,因(yin)企業(ye)經營策(ce)略的(de)(de)改變(bian),或其他(ta)意外(wai)因(yin)素(su)使(shi)企業(ye)不(bu)再具備或不(bu)再完全(quan)符合稅(shui)收優(you)惠(hui)(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)條件(jian),而被迫取消享受優(you)惠(hui)(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)資(zi)格(ge)。間(jian)接成本(ben)的(de)(de)發生一(yi)般具有不(bu)確定(ding)性(xing),因(yin)此,在(zai)(zai)籌劃過(guo)程中難以(yi)(yi)用(yong)貨(huo)幣予以(yi)(yi)計(ji)量,但在(zai)(zai)進行方案選擇(ze)時(shi)應予以(yi)(yi)充分考慮。
當著稅收利(li)益大(da)于籌劃成本時(shi),稅收優(you)惠政策的(de)運用才具(ju)有可行性。稅收利(li)益一(yi)般根據優(you)惠政策帶來(lai)的(de)凈收益現值與(yu)籌劃成本現值的(de)差(cha)額確定。
3、跨國納稅(shui)人必須(xu)關注(zhu)收(shou)益來源(yuan)國與居住國政府是否簽定稅(shui)收(shou)饒讓協議(yi)
稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)饒讓(rang)是指(zhi)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)在收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)取(qu)得的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)優(you)惠(hui)被視為(wei)已(yi)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),在向(xiang)居住(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)政府申報納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi),這部(bu)分(fen)被視為(wei)已(yi)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入允許從應稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入中抵(di)免(mian)。跨國(guo)(guo)(guo)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)在收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)享受(shou)的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)優(you)惠(hui)待遇,能(neng)否擁有(you)這種稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)饒讓(rang)待遇,關鍵是看收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)與居住(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)政府是否簽(qian)(qian)(qian)定(ding)了稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)饒讓(rang)協(xie)(xie)定(ding),如果(guo)(guo)(guo)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)定(ding)了這一(yi)(yi)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)(yi),則跨國(guo)(guo)(guo)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)在收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)享受(shou)的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)優(you)惠(hui),便(bian)可最(zui)終獲取(qu)其稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)利益(yi)(yi);如果(guo)(guo)(guo)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)定(ding)這一(yi)(yi)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)(yi),則在收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)獲得的(de)(de)減(jian)免(mian)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),在向(xiang)居住(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)政府申報納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi),必須依(yi)法把該減(jian)免(mian)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)額(e)繳納(na)(na)。因此(ci),跨國(guo)(guo)(guo)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)在進行(xing)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)優(you)惠(hui)政策(ce)籌劃(hua)之前,必須搞清楚居住(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)與收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)之間是否已(yi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)定(ding)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)饒讓(rang)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)(yi)。如果(guo)(guo)(guo)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)定(ding)這一(yi)(yi)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)(yi),一(yi)(yi)般收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)優(you)惠(hui),并不能(neng)給(gei)跨國(guo)(guo)(guo)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)帶來(lai)實際的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)利益(yi)(yi);如果(guo)(guo)(guo)已(yi)經(jing)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)定(ding)這一(yi)(yi)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)(yi),還應仔細研讀有(you)關的(de)(de)條(tiao)款,搞清饒讓(rang)的(de)(de)方法,以(yi)便(bian)更好地(di)確定(ding)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)利益(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)預期。
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