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中國企業培訓講師

稅收優惠政策的運用技巧

 
講師: 瀏覽次數:2307
 稅收優惠政策有很多,同時面臨幾種優惠政策時如何選擇,通過分析各種政策產生的稅后總收益來進行綜合比較,琢磨出優惠政策的運用技巧。 稅收籌劃本身也會產生直接成本(指為了達到稅收優惠政策,企業做一些整改而發生的費用)和間接成本(實施過程中一些不可預期的風險造成的費用),發生費用,應算進總體收益中。當稅收籌劃成本大于政策優惠時,就沒有任何意義了。所以取舍應該以凈收益來考慮。 跨國企業還應留意利潤來源國與居住地所在國家有沒有簽訂相關稅收協議。 透徹理悟各種優惠政策的區別與共同點,總結運用技巧。

利(li)用稅收(shou)優惠(hui)政(zheng)策獲(huo)取稅收(shou)利(li)益,以(yi)實現稅后利(li)潤最大化,是(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)實施稅收(shou)籌劃常用的(de)方式。由(you)于稅收(shou)優惠(hui)政(zheng)策條款繁雜(za),適(shi)用要求高,不同的(de)優惠(hui)政(zheng)策所(suo)帶來的(de)預(yu)期稅收(shou)利(li)益和籌劃成本,以(yi)及對稅后利(li)潤總(zong)額影響是(shi)(shi)不一樣的(de)。

1、在適用多項稅收(shou)優惠政策時(shi),必(bi)須進行(xing)比(bi)較分(fen)析,通過綜合(he)平衡后做出(chu)選擇

稅收優惠政策籌(chou)劃的(de)(de)(de)重點在于根據自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)情況和現行稅收優惠政策的(de)(de)(de)規定,通(tong)過(guo)合理選擇(ze)和運(yun)用,以(yi)達到節稅或其他稅收籌(chou)劃的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。

當企(qi)(qi)業(ye)同(tong)時適(shi)用多項稅(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)優(you)(you)惠(hui)政策(ce),并(bing)要在(zai)其中做出(chu)相應選(xuan)擇時,必須通(tong)過比較分析(xi),綜合平(ping)衡后(hou),以獲取(qu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)利(li)(li)益最(zui)大化或特定稅(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)目標(biao)效率(lv)最(zui)大化為標(biao)準作出(chu)選(xuan)擇。由于某項稅(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)優(you)(you)惠(hui)政策(ce)是(shi)針(zhen)對特定的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)種(zhong)而設計(ji)的(de)(de),而企(qi)(qi)業(ye)一般(ban)需要同(tong)時繳納(na)多種(zhong)稅(shui)(shui)(shui),這(zhe)些稅(shui)(shui)(shui)之間又往往存在(zai)此消(xiao)彼長的(de)(de)關系。因此,評價某項稅(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)優(you)(you)惠(hui)政策(ce)帶來的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)利(li)(li)益,主要是(shi)通(tong)過實施該(gai)項政策(ce)后(hou)所產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)總收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益或優(you)(you)惠(hui)期內產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)總收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益的(de)(de)現(xian)值等指標(biao)來反映。

2、充分考慮稅收優惠(hui)政策的籌劃成本

稅(shui)收優(you)惠政策的(de)籌劃(hua)(hua)成(cheng)本包(bao)括直(zhi)接成(cheng)本和間(jian)接成(cheng)本。直(zhi)接成(cheng)本主要是指為滿足某一稅(shui)收優(you)惠政策的(de)要求,對目前(qian)企業經(jing)濟狀況的(de)改變(bian)而發生的(de)經(jing)濟資源的(de)消(xiao)耗。此外,直(zhi)接成(cheng)本還包(bao)括稅(shui)收籌劃(hua)(hua)中實際發生的(de)費(fei)用。直(zhi)接成(cheng)本一般可用貨幣表示(shi)。

間(jian)接成本(ben)主要是指(zhi)稅(shui)收優(you)惠(hui)(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)實(shi)施過(guo)程中可能出現的(de)(de)不(bu)確定(ding)因(yin)素(su)而造成風險費用(yong)。例(li)如,因(yin)社會經濟(ji)因(yin)素(su)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)而使(shi)正在(zai)(zai)執行的(de)(de)優(you)惠(hui)(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)突然被取消而給企業(ye)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)損失(shi),或者在(zai)(zai)稅(shui)收優(you)惠(hui)(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)實(shi)施過(guo)程中,因(yin)企業(ye)經營策(ce)略的(de)(de)改變(bian),或其他(ta)意外(wai)因(yin)素(su)使(shi)企業(ye)不(bu)再具備或不(bu)再完全(quan)符合稅(shui)收優(you)惠(hui)(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)條件(jian),而被迫取消享受優(you)惠(hui)(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)資(zi)格(ge)。間(jian)接成本(ben)的(de)(de)發生一(yi)般具有不(bu)確定(ding)性(xing),因(yin)此,在(zai)(zai)籌劃過(guo)程中難以(yi)(yi)用(yong)貨(huo)幣予以(yi)(yi)計(ji)量,但在(zai)(zai)進行方案選擇(ze)時(shi)應予以(yi)(yi)充分考慮。

當著稅收利(li)益大(da)于籌劃成本時(shi),稅收優(you)惠政策的(de)運用才具(ju)有可行性。稅收利(li)益一(yi)般根據優(you)惠政策帶來(lai)的(de)凈收益現值與(yu)籌劃成本現值的(de)差(cha)額確定。

3、跨國納稅(shui)人必須(xu)關注(zhu)收(shou)益來源(yuan)國與居住國政府是否簽定稅(shui)收(shou)饒讓協議(yi)

稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)饒讓(rang)是指(zhi)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)在收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)取(qu)得的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)優(you)惠(hui)被視為(wei)已(yi)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),在向(xiang)居住(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)政府申報納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi),這部(bu)分(fen)被視為(wei)已(yi)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入允許從應稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入中抵(di)免(mian)。跨國(guo)(guo)(guo)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)在收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)享受(shou)的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)優(you)惠(hui)待遇,能(neng)否擁有(you)這種稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)饒讓(rang)待遇,關鍵是看收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)與居住(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)政府是否簽(qian)(qian)(qian)定(ding)了稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)饒讓(rang)協(xie)(xie)定(ding),如果(guo)(guo)(guo)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)定(ding)了這一(yi)(yi)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)(yi),則跨國(guo)(guo)(guo)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)在收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)享受(shou)的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)優(you)惠(hui),便(bian)可最(zui)終獲取(qu)其稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)利益(yi)(yi);如果(guo)(guo)(guo)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)定(ding)這一(yi)(yi)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)(yi),則在收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)獲得的(de)(de)減(jian)免(mian)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),在向(xiang)居住(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)政府申報納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi),必須依(yi)法把該減(jian)免(mian)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)額(e)繳納(na)(na)。因此(ci),跨國(guo)(guo)(guo)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)在進行(xing)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)優(you)惠(hui)政策(ce)籌劃(hua)之前,必須搞清楚居住(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)與收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)之間是否已(yi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)定(ding)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)饒讓(rang)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)(yi)。如果(guo)(guo)(guo)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)定(ding)這一(yi)(yi)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)(yi),一(yi)(yi)般收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)優(you)惠(hui),并不能(neng)給(gei)跨國(guo)(guo)(guo)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)帶來(lai)實際的(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)利益(yi)(yi);如果(guo)(guo)(guo)已(yi)經(jing)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)定(ding)這一(yi)(yi)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)(yi),還應仔細研讀有(you)關的(de)(de)條(tiao)款,搞清饒讓(rang)的(de)(de)方法,以(yi)便(bian)更好地(di)確定(ding)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)利益(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)預期。



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