一、定價策略類型 在新產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)培訓(xun)中(zhong),首(shou)先(xian)會(hui)(hui)涉及到定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)類型。常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)有(you)(you)撇(pie)(pie)(pie)脂定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)、滲(shen)(shen)(shen)透定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)和(he)滿意(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(溫(wen)(wen)和(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve))。 1. 撇(pie)(pie)(pie)脂定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve) - 這(zhe)種策(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)是(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)壽命周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投入(ru)期(qi)或(huo)成(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)期(qi),利用(yong)(yong)消費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)求新、求奇心理,抓住激烈競(jing)(jing)爭尚未出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)利時(shi)機(ji)(ji),有(you)(you)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)將(jiang)(jiang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)得很高。例如一些(xie)科技含量高、創新型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),像(xiang)新款的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高端智能(neng)手機(ji)(ji)在剛上市(shi)(shi)時(shi),往(wang)往(wang)采用(yong)(yong)撇(pie)(pie)(pie)脂定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)。它(ta)就像(xiang)從鮮奶中(zhong)撇(pie)(pie)(pie)取(qu)乳(ru)脂一樣(yang),目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)在短(duan)期(qi)內獲(huo)取(qu)盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利潤,盡(jin)快地(di)(di)收(shou)回投資。其適(shi)用(yong)(yong)條件包括產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量、形象必(bi)須與高價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)相符,且(qie)有(you)(you)足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)能(neng)接受這(zhe)種高價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)并愿意(yi)購買;產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)必(bi)須有(you)(you)特色,競(jing)(jing)爭者(zhe)在短(duan)期(qi)內不(bu)(bu)易打(da)入(ru)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)。優點是(shi)能(neng)迅速(su)補(bu)償研究與開發(fa)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong),便于企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)籌集(ji)資金,并掌握調價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)主動(dong)權。然而(er),它(ta)也有(you)(you)缺點,比如定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)較高會(hui)(hui)限制(zhi)(zhi)需(xu)(xu)求,銷路不(bu)(bu)易擴大(da);高價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)原則會(hui)(hui)誘發(fa)競(jing)(jing)爭,企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓力大(da);企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)新產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)高利時(shi)期(qi)也較短(duan),適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于仿制(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)性較小,生(sheng)命周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)較短(duan)且(qie)高價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)仍有(you)(you)需(xu)(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。 2. 滲(shen)(shen)(shen)透定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve) - 滲(shen)(shen)(shen)透定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)將(jiang)(jiang)其新產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)得相對較低,盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)快速(su)打(da)開銷路,獲(huo)得較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)占(zhan)有(you)(you)率,待產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)在市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)站穩(wen)腳跟以后(hou)(hou),再將(jiang)(jiang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格提高。比如一些(xie)新推出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日用(yong)(yong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌,為了快速(su)占(zhan)據(ju)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)份額,會(hui)(hui)采用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)種策(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)在于可(ke)(ke)以迅速(su)擴大(da)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)份額,抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)現實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)潛在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)(jing)爭對手進入(ru)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang),并且(qie)隨著生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積累,生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)分(fen)銷成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)將(jiang)(jiang)會(hui)(hui)降低。但如果后(hou)(hou)期(qi)提價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)不(bu)(bu)當(dang),可(ke)(ke)能(neng)會(hui)(hui)引起消費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)反感(gan)。 3. 滿意(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)(溫(wen)(wen)和(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)) - 這(zhe)種定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)介于撇(pie)(pie)(pie)脂定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)透定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)之間(jian),既(ji)不(bu)(bu)過高也不(bu)(bu)過低。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在考慮成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、需(xu)(xu)求和(he)競(jing)(jing)爭等(deng)因素后(hou)(hou),制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)一個適(shi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格,既(ji)能(neng)保證(zheng)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利潤空間(jian),又能(neng)讓消費(fei)(fei)者(zhe)接受。對于那些(xie)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)需(xu)(xu)求相對穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)、競(jing)(jing)爭比較溫(wen)(wen)和(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),這(zhe)種定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)較為合適(shi)。
二、定價需考量的因素 1. 市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)因(yin)素(su) - 市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)類型對(dui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)有影(ying)響。例如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru),商(shang)(shang)家(jia)(jia)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)選擇(ze)收費定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、運(yun)營商(shang)(shang)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)或(huo)量價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)等(deng)。收費定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)次性付(fu)款的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式購買(mai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge);運(yun)營商(shang)(shang)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)服務狀態(tai)購買(mai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge);量價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)按購買(mai)數量選擇(ze)不同價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)區間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略。此外,市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略還基(ji)于市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)份額(e)、顧客期(qi)望(wang)、需求(qiu)變化以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及顧客忠(zhong)誠度等(deng)因(yin)素(su)來確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)。市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)對(dui)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏感度也(ye)很關鍵,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)果市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)對(dui)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)非常敏感,低價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)可(ke)刺激(ji)(ji)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)份額(e)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步擴大(da)。比如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)競(jing)爭激(ji)(ji)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)日用品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang),價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge)稍有波動(dong)就可(ke)能(neng)影(ying)響銷(xiao)(xiao)量。 2. 產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)因(yin)素(su) - 商(shang)(shang)家(jia)(jia)應(ying)該(gai)考(kao)慮產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)本(ben)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)、質(zhi)量等(deng)與(yu)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)切相(xiang)關。例如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru),具(ju)有獨特(te)功(gong)能(neng)或(huo)者高(gao)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。同時(shi),與(yu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易動(dong)態(tai)密(mi)切相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略也(ye)在(zai)這一(yi)(yi)過程中發揮重要(yao)作用。 3. 品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)或(huo)形象因(yin)素(su) - 從(cong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)或(huo)形象的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度考(kao)慮定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)也(ye)非常重要(yao)。品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)或(huo)形象可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)幫助商(shang)(shang)家(jia)(jia)有效地(di)將新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)與(yu)已有產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)相(xiang)比較(jiao),從(cong)而提升產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),充分(fen)發揮利潤空(kong)間(jian),進(jin)而提高(gao)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)收入。知(zhi)名品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)推出(chu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)時(shi),往(wang)往(wang)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)憑(ping)借(jie)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)影(ying)響力制定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge),消費者也(ye)因(yin)為對(dui)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信任而愿意接受。 4. 等(deng)級解(jie)決(jue)方案(an)因(yin)素(su) - 商(shang)(shang)家(jia)(jia)在(zai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)時(shi)應(ying)該(gai)通過等(deng)級解(jie)決(jue)方案(an)來考(kao)慮定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。等(deng)級解(jie)決(jue)方案(an)幫助商(shang)(shang)家(jia)(jia)通過分(fen)配有價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),識別(bie)新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)點,從(cong)而提升銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)收入、改(gai)善(shan)客戶體驗和提高(gao)有效收入。例如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru),一(yi)(yi)些(xie)電子產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)廠商(shang)(shang)會根(gen)據產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配置(zhi)、功(gong)能(neng)等(deng)劃(hua)分(fen)不同等(deng)級,每個等(deng)級有相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)(ge),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)滿足不同消費者的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)。
三、定價的目標與步驟 1. 定(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)目(mu)標(biao)(biao) - 企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)有(you)多種,如(ru)最(zui)高銷售成(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)(希(xi)望(wang)達到銷售額(e)*增長(chang)量(liang)(liang))、*市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)撇(pie)脂(制定(ding)(ding)(ding)高價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)來(lai)“撇(pie)脂”市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang))、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)領(ling)先(xian)(樹立在市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)上成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)領(ling)先(xian)地位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)(biao))等(deng)。另外,一些(xie)(xie)(xie)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)會(hui)考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)感(gan)性(xing)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和分銷成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化以(yi)及(ji)(ji)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)手的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況來(lai)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)定(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格非常敏(min)(min)感(gan),企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)可能(neng)會(hui)制定(ding)(ding)(ding)低(di)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)以(yi)擴大市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)份額(e);如(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)隨著(zhu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)積累,生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和分銷成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)將會(hui)降低(di),企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)也可能(neng)先(xian)采用(yong)低(di)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)策(ce)略(lve)。 2. 定(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)步(bu)驟 - 首先(xian)是(shi)(shi)選擇定(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)目(mu)標(biao)(biao),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎。然后要(yao)(yao)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)需求,這(zhe)里涉及(ji)(ji)到一些(xie)(xie)(xie)影響(xiang)顧(gu)客價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格敏(min)(min)感(gan)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying),如(ru)最(zui)終(zhong)利益效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(開支在最(zui)終(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全部成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)費用(yong)中所占比例越(yue)低(di),顧(gu)客的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格敏(min)(min)感(gan)性(xing)越(yue)低(di))、分攤成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(如(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)一部分成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)由另一方分攤,顧(gu)客的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格敏(min)(min)感(gan)性(xing)越(yue)低(di))、積累投資(zi)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(如(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)與以(yi)前購買的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)合(he)在一起使用(yong),顧(gu)客對(dui)(dui)(dui)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格不敏(min)(min)感(gan))、價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(假設(she)顧(gu)客認(ren)為(wei)某種產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)更(geng)(geng)優、聲望(wang)更(geng)(geng)高或是(shi)(shi)更(geng)(geng)高檔的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),顧(gu)客對(dui)(dui)(dui)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)感(gan)性(xing)就(jiu)越(yue)低(di))等(deng)。在定(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)過(guo)程中,企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)還需要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)需求、競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格以(yi)及(ji)(ji)政(zheng)府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策(ce)法(fa)規(gui)等(deng)因素。例如(ru),企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)在確定(ding)(ding)(ding)新產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格時,如(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)較高,定(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)時就(jiu)需要(yao)(yao)在保(bao)證(zheng)利潤的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下合(he)理定(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia);如(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)上競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)激烈,就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)手的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格來(lai)制定(ding)(ding)(ding)有(you)競(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格。同時,政(zheng)府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策(ce)法(fa)規(gui)也可能(neng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)某些(xie)(xie)(xie)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)有(you)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)限制,企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)必須遵守相關規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。
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