一(yi)、靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基本概(gai)念 1. 靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)定義 - 靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)物(wu)體(ti)表面(mian)過剩或不(bu)(bu)足的(de)(de)相對靜(jing)(jing)止不(bu)(bu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)。它(ta)是(shi)一(yi)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，留(liu)存于物(wu)體(ti)表面(mian)，是(shi)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)與(yu)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)在局部范(fan)圍內失去平(ping)衡的(de)(de)結果。例如日常生(sheng)活中的(de)(de)閃電(dian)(dian)(dian)就是(shi)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)引起的(de)(de)自然現象。 2. 靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)料的(de)(de)劃分(fen) - 靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)料按電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率劃分(fen)有靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導體(ti)、靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)耗(hao)散體(ti)、靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)體(ti)，這與(yu)“動(dong)(dong)”電(dian)(dian)(dian)（流動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流）情(qing)況下(xia)按電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率劃分(fen)的(de)(de)導體(ti)、半導體(ti)、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)體(ti)是(shi)完全(quan)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)概(gai)念。
二、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)特點 1. 與(yu)“動”電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區別 - 在(zai)材料電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率劃分方面就與(yu)“動”電(dian)(dian)(dian)不同。而(er)且靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)具有高電(dian)(dian)(dian)位、低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)、小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)以及(ji)作用時間短的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。例如在(zai)一些電(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)小部件上，靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)可能瞬間產(chan)生高電(dian)(dian)(dian)位，但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)都很(hen)(hen)小，作用時間也很(hen)(hen)短暫。 2. 受(shou)環境(jing)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang) - 受(shou)環境(jing)條件，特別是濕(shi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)較大。濕(shi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化會改(gai)變靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生和(he)消(xiao)散情況(kuang)。在(zai)濕(shi)度較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)中，靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)更容易產(chan)生和(he)積累；而(er)濕(shi)度較高時，靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可能性(xing)相對降低(di)。同時，靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)測量(liang)(liang)時復現性(xing)差，瞬態現象多，這就使得對靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)(liang)和(he)研究需要(yao)更加細致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)控制和(he)*的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)(liang)手段。
三、靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的區別 1. 起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)(shi) - 靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)主要是由(you)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子的得與失(shi)使物(wu)體(ti)(ti)失(shi)去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)衡，基本過程(cheng)可(ke)歸納為(wei)：接觸→電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)轉(zhuan)移→偶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層的形(xing)成→電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)分(fen)離。而工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)是基于(yu)(yu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感應等(deng)原(yuan)理(li)，兩者完全不同(tong)(tong)。 2. 能(neng)量(liang)差(cha)異(yi) - 靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的能(neng)量(liang)相(xiang)差(cha)很(hen)大。工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是為(wei)了滿(man)足大規模生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、設備運行等(deng)需求，能(neng)量(liang)較大；而靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)量(liang)相(xiang)對較小(xiao)，雖然靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)量(liang)小(xiao)，但(dan)在(zai)(zai)某些對靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)敏(min)感的環境(jing)中，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子芯片制造(zao)車間(jian)，即(ji)使很(hen)小(xiao)的靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)量(liang)也可(ke)能(neng)造(zao)成嚴(yan)重(zhong)破壞(huai)。 3. 表現(xian)形(xing)式(shi)(shi) - 靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表現(xian)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)的產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)和消失(shi)過程(cheng)中產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現(xian)象的總和，例如可(ke)能(neng)出現(xian)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)吸附微小(xiao)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)、靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)火花(hua)等(deng)現(xian)象。工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)則主要通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線傳輸，以穩(wen)定的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)為(wei)設備提供動力等(deng)。 4. 歐(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)姆(mu)(mu)定律(lv)適用(yong)(yong)性 - 歐(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)姆(mu)(mu)定律(lv)在(zai)(zai)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中的適用(yong)(yong)性不同(tong)(tong)。對于(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在(zai)(zai)很(hen)多情況下歐(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)姆(mu)(mu)定律(lv)可(ke)以較好(hao)地描述電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻之間(jian)的關系；而對于(yu)(yu)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)其高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位、低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)、小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)以及作用(yong)(yong)時(shi)間(jian)短(duan)等(deng)特點，歐(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)姆(mu)(mu)定律(lv)的適用(yong)(yong)性較差(cha)。
四(si)、物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi) 1. 摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)起(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) - 物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)是常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)，摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱可(ke)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子轉移，從而(er)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。而(er)且物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)間(jian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)或摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度、摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)力(li)、環(huan)境溫濕度及材料(liao)種(zhong)(zhong)類都會影響因分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)或摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)而(er)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量。例(li)如(ru)(ru)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)不同(tong)(tong)材質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)相互摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)時，根據(ju)它們在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)起(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)序列中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置，會產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)不同(tong)(tong)程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。 2. 接(jie)(jie)觸與分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) - 當物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)間(jian)接(jie)(jie)觸與分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)時，也會產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種(zhong)(zhong)方式(shi)(shi)與摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)起(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有相似(si)之(zhi)處，都是通過改(gai)變(bian)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)表面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布來產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。 3. 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感應(ying)起(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) - 將不帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)性導體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)置于帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)附近，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用，靠近帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)側將聚(ju)(ju)積與帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)極(ji)性相反的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)；當接(jie)(jie)地斷開后，物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)將帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)上(shang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種(zhong)(zhong)起(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)環(huan)境復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工業場景中(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)能會出現。 4. 摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感應(ying)綜(zong)(zong)合效應(ying)起(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) - 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實際情況(kuang)(kuang)中(zhong)(zhong)，摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感應(ying)可(ke)能同(tong)(tong)時作(zuo)(zuo)用，導致(zhi)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種(zhong)(zhong)綜(zong)(zong)合效應(ying)使(shi)得靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)更(geng)加復(fu)雜，需要綜(zong)(zong)合考(kao)慮多種(zhong)(zhong)因素來分(fen)(fen)(fen)析和(he)(he)控制靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)。 5. 其他起(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi) - 還(huan)包括人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)是一(yi)個特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)與各種(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)觸、分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)自身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動(dong)，如(ru)(ru)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)操作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)和(he)(he)肢(zhi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)活動(dong)，所穿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衣物(wu)與周圍(wei)環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)、感應(ying)等(deng)，都會使(shi)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)上(shang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。例(li)如(ru)(ru)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)濕度為55%、溫度24℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)，人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)地毯上(shang)行走，人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)上(shang)積聚(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)達5000伏。此外，還(huan)有傳導帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、離(li)(li)子吸附帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、斷裂帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)方式(shi)(shi)。
五、靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)衰(shuai)減規(gui)律 1. 電(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)散(san) - 靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)通過中和與泄(xie)漏自行消(xiao)(xiao)失的(de)現象稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)散(san)或(huo)(huo)衰(shuai)減。了(le)解靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)的(de)衰(shuai)減規(gui)律對于控(kong)制靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)在安全范圍(wei)內(nei)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要。例如在一些靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)防護區(qu)域(yu)，通過控(kong)制環(huan)境濕度、使用靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)耗(hao)散(san)材(cai)料等方式來加速靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)的(de)衰(shuai)減，防止靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)對產品(pin)或(huo)(huo)設備造成損害。
六、靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)產品(pin)的(de)危害 1. 靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)存儲 - 靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷在物體上的(de)積聚(ju)，從能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)的(de)角度表現為靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)存儲。當靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)積累到一定(ding)程度，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)產品(pin)中(zhong)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)會造(zao)成靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)（ESD）現象。 2. 對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)元(yuan)件的(de)損(sun)害 - 在電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)制(zhi)造(zao)等行業，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)會損(sun)害靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)敏感器件（ESSD）。這(zhe)些(xie)器件對(dui)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)非(fei)常敏感，即使很(hen)小(xiao)的(de)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)都(dou)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)導致其(qi)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)下降、損(sun)壞甚至失效(xiao)。例(li)如(ru)(ru)，在集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)制(zhi)造(zao)車間(jian)，如(ru)(ru)果沒(mei)有有效(xiao)的(de)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)防護措施，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)會擊(ji)穿芯(xin)(xin)片內部(bu)的(de)微小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)結構，使芯(xin)(xin)片報廢。
七、ESD防護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)相關(guan)概(gai)念 1. ESD定(ding)(ding)義 - ESD就是(shi)靜(jing)電(dian)泄(xie)放（Electronic Static Discharge）。 2. 靜(jing)電(dian)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)度與(yu)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)件 - 靜(jing)電(dian)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)度(ESDS—Electrostatic Discharge Sensitivity)是(shi)衡量器(qi)件對靜(jing)電(dian)放電(dian)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)程度的(de)(de)指標(biao)。靜(jing)電(dian)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)件(ESSD—Electrostatic Sensitive Devices)在(zai)生產、運輸、使用(yong)過程中(zhong)都需要特別的(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)防護(hu)(hu)措施。 3. 防護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)概(gai)念 - EPA（ESD Protect Area，ESD防護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)）和ECA（ESD Control Area，ESD控制區(qu)(qu)域(yu)）是(shi)為(wei)了保護(hu)(hu)靜(jing)電(dian)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)件而設(she)置的(de)(de)特定(ding)(ding)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)，在(zai)這些(xie)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)內需要采取嚴格的(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)防護(hu)(hu)措施，如控制濕度、使用(yong)靜(jing)電(dian)防護(hu)(hu)設(she)備等(deng)。
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