周(zhou)期(qi)訂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)購(gou)量(liang)。訂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)購(gou)量(liang)常常會(hui)超(chao)過以(yi)下(xia)幾個(ge)期(qi)間所預測的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求量(liang),這(zhe)可能導致所持(chi)有的(de)(de)(de)庫存(cun)跨越沒有需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)期(qi)間,借以(yi)避免(mian)另外再下(xia)訂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)單的(de)(de)(de)成本,但也會(hui)存(cun)在訂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)購(gou)量(liang)可能并不恰當,即使(shi)上一次訂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)貨仍有一定的(de)(de)(de)余量(liang)時也如此,保持(chi)庫存(cun)以(yi)避免(mian)訂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)購(gou),固然是(shi)一個(ge)好(hao)主意,但不保持(chi)足夠的(de)(de)(de)庫存(cun),造成再次訂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)購(gou),卻與經濟訂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)購(gou)批(pi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)相抵觸,因此需(xu)要對經濟訂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)購(gou)批(pi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)應用做出更改,而這(zhe)正(zheng)是(shi)周(zhou)期(qi)訂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)購(gou)量(liang)方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)用處所在。
周期訂(ding)(ding)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)量(liang)(liang)的批(pi)(pi)量(liang)(liang)規則建立在與經濟(ji)訂(ding)(ding)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)批(pi)(pi)量(liang)(liang)相(xiang)同(tong)的理論基礎上,用經濟(ji)訂(ding)(ding)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)批(pi)(pi)量(liang)(liang)公式計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)經濟(ji)的訂(ding)(ding)單間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)時間(jian),訂(ding)(ding)單間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)時間(jian)等于經濟(ji)訂(ding)(ding)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)批(pi)(pi)量(liang)(liang)除以需求(qiu)數列,這就可(ke)以計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)下達(da)訂(ding)(ding)單的時間(jian)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)。下達(da)訂(ding)(ding)單不是訂(ding)(ding)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)相(xiang)同(tong)數量(liang)(liang)的經濟(ji)批(pi)(pi)量(liang)(liang)訂(ding)(ding)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)批(pi)(pi)量(liang)(liang),而是滿足計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)的時間(jian)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)內的需求(qiu)。一年中的下達(da)的訂(ding)(ding)單次數比(bi)經濟(ji)訂(ding)(ding)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)批(pi)(pi)量(liang)(liang)相(xiang)同(tong),但每次訂(ding)(ding)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)數量(liang)(liang)不同(tong),因此訂(ding)(ding)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)成本(ben)相(xiang)同(tong),但由于訂(ding)(ding)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)量(liang)(liang)由實際需求(qiu)決定,所以持有成本(ben)降低(di)周期訂(ding)(ding)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)量(liang)(liang)。訂(ding)(ding)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)量(liang)(liang)等于經濟(ji)訂(ding)(ding)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)量(liang)(liang)除以平均(jun)每周使用量(liang)(liang)。
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