現(xian)(xian)(xian)代企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)究其(qi)(qi)根本就是企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)核(he)(he)心能力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng),而(er)(er)(er)核(he)(he)心員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)是企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生存(cun)和(he)(he)(he)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生命線,對他(ta)們(men)進行有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)激勵有(you)著重(zhong)(zhong)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義。他(ta)們(men)不(bu)(bu)僅是企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)最重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)力(li)(li)資源,而(er)(er)(er)且是企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)能否(fou)取得競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)優勢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵。現(xian)(xian)(xian)代管(guan)(guan)理(li)者(zhe)都知(zhi)道(dao),員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)奉獻精神是企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)持續(xu)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動力(li)(li),所以隨著科學技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展和(he)(he)(he)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)間競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加劇(ju),現(xian)(xian)(xian)代企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)者(zhe)越來(lai)越重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用,而(er)(er)(er)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)們(men)卻似乎變得越來(lai)越不(bu)(bu)安(an)分,他(ta)們(men)頻繁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跳槽使得管(guan)(guan)理(li)者(zhe)們(men)不(bu)(bu)禁產生了疑(yi)問:究竟現(xian)(xian)(xian)代企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)還有(you)沒有(you)忠誠可言?合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)率(lv)有(you)利于保持企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活力(li)(li),但是如果流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)率(lv)過(guo)高(gao),企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)將不(bu)(bu)僅蒙受直接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)(shi),如替換成本、培訓成本等,而(er)(er)(er)且直接(jie)影響(xiang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)續(xu)性和(he)(he)(he)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性。當(dang)前中小企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)都面臨著員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)率(lv)過(guo)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題導致(zhi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)核(he)(he)心競(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)力(li)(li)下降,嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)影響(xiang)了企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生存(cun)與發展,因而(er)(er)(er)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi),特別(bie)是核(he)(he)心員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)失(shi)(shi)問題日益受到中小企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)理(li)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)。
如何(he)來留住核心員工,預(yu)防核心員工的(de)流失(shi),就成了中小企業管理(li)者迫切(qie)需要解決的(de)問題。
要(yao)(yao)想(xiang)留住(zhu)核(he)心(xin)(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong),清(qing)溢(yi)和衡高級顧問李見明認為(wei)(wei):首先中小(xiao)企(qi)業必須了解(jie)核(he)心(xin)(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)。馬斯洛把人的(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)五個層次(ci):生理需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)、安全(quan)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)、社(she)(she)會需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)、尊重(zhong)(zhong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)、自我(wo)(wo)實(shi)(shi)現的(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao),生理需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)和安全(quan)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)是屬(shu)于(yu)物質需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu),社(she)(she)會需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)、尊重(zhong)(zhong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)和自我(wo)(wo)實(shi)(shi)現的(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)屬(shu)于(yu)精(jing)神需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)。所以,中小(xiao)企(qi)業必須從物質和精(jing)神兩種(zhong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)上能(neng)滿足(zu)核(he)心(xin)(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong),讓核(he)心(xin)(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)能(neng)與企(qi)業實(shi)(shi)現共贏,提升(sheng)核(he)心(xin)(xin)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)契合度。李見明認為(wei)(wei):中小(xiao)企(qi)業應(ying)該從以下(xia)四(si)個方面來(lai)實(shi)(shi)現:
1、員(yuan)工能發財
根據馬斯洛需求(qiu)層次理(li)論,員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)最初需求(qiu)是重視物(wu)(wu)質需求(qiu)大于精神需求(qiu),只有(you)在物(wu)(wu)質需求(qiu)達到(dao)(dao)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)程度的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,精神需求(qiu)才會(hui)占(zhan)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)地位。所(suo)(suo)(suo)以,中小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)也(ye)必(bi)須(xu)提供有(you)市場競爭力的(de)(de)(de)薪(xin)酬(chou)待遇。薪(xin)酬(chou)過(guo)(guo)低,在員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工還沒有(you)融入企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)中,還沒有(you)被企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)所(suo)(suo)(suo)感化(hua)(hua),已經被外部的(de)(de)(de)誘惑(huo)所(suo)(suo)(suo)吸引,出(chu)現(xian)了頻繁的(de)(de)(de)跳槽(cao)現(xian)象。另外,企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)在發(fa)放薪(xin)酬(chou)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候也(ye)要(yao)貫徹(che)三公原則,如甲員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工比乙(yi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)績(ji)還好(hao),而(er)在實際甲得到(dao)(dao)獎(jiang)金比乙(yi)還少,原因是主管(guan)是乙(yi)的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)鄉(xiang),這種不公平(ping)會(hui)挫(cuo)傷(shang)業(ye)(ye)績(ji)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing),容易導致員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工流失,正如中國古話(hua)說的(de)(de)(de)好(hao),人(ren)不怕患寡而(er)怕患不均。員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工能(neng)發(fa)財還體現(xian)在員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工與企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)共贏(ying)上(shang),很多(duo)(duo)(duo)中小(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)沒有(you)形成規范的(de)(de)(de)績(ji)效管(guan)理(li)體系,員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工做(zuo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)做(zuo)少一個樣,沒有(you)把企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)益和(he)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)益捆綁起來,當(dang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)業(ye)(ye)務繁忙(mang)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工肯(ken)定(ding)要(yao)多(duo)(duo)(duo)付出(chu),所(suo)(suo)(suo)得無所(suo)(suo)(suo)變化(hua)(hua),當(dang)業(ye)(ye)務稀少的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,所(suo)(suo)(suo)得也(ye)差(cha)不多(duo)(duo)(duo),這就容易挫(cuo)傷(shang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing)。李見明認為:如果員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工通過(guo)(guo)自己的(de)(de)(de)努力,看不到(dao)(dao)能(neng)發(fa)財或賺錢(qian)的(de)(de)(de)希望,必(bi)然(ran)會(hui)挫(cuo)傷(shang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing),導致員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)離職(zhi)傾向增加。
2、員工能成才(cai)
這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)基于企(qi)(qi)業(ye)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)為員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)提(ti)供了完善的(de)(de)培訓而(er)言的(de)(de)。據統計,國內80%以(yi)上的(de)(de)中(zhong)小企(qi)(qi)業(ye)不重(zhong)視員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)培訓,不重(zhong)視員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)能力提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng),使員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作幾(ji)年(nian)后還感(gan)覺是(shi)(shi)在(zai)原(yuan)地打(da)轉(zhuan),根本得(de)不到提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng),這(zhe)(zhe)會嚴重(zhong)影響員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)積極(ji)性,覺得(de)在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)難以(yi)有(you)出頭之(zhi)日,萌生離職(zhi)或跳(tiao)槽的(de)(de)念頭。一(yi)個重(zhong)視員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成長(chang)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye),從新員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)入職(zhi)到在(zai)職(zhi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong),在(zai)每個不同的(de)(de)階(jie)段有(you)不同的(de)(de)培訓項目,幫助員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成才,讓員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能感(gan)受每年(nian)都(dou)能提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng),每年(nian)都(dou)有(you)新的(de)(de)目標,在(zai)不斷(duan)訓練(lian)中(zhong)成長(chang),增加了員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)充實感(gan)而(er)減少了員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)離職(zhi)或跳(tiao)槽傾(qing)向。
3、員工能做(zuo)事業
員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能做事業(ye)(ye)(ye),這是(shi)基(ji)(ji)于給員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)提供職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)涯規(gui)劃(hua)而言的(de)(de)(de)。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設置(zhi)不同的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展通道(dao),包含技(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)通道(dao)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程師通道(dao)、管(guan)理通道(dao),而各通道(dao)之(zhi)間又能互相轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan),這給員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)看到(dao)了(le)希(xi)望,有(you)盼頭(tou)(tou)。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)會(hui)(hui)把員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展目標和自身的(de)(de)(de)戰略(lve)發(fa)展目標相結(jie)合(he),調整員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)價值觀,根據員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)興(xing)趣(qu)和技(ji)能,把合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)配置(zhi)到(dao)合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)上(shang),讓員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能有(you)機會(hui)(hui)做自己喜歡(huan)做的(de)(de)(de)事,能發(fa)揮自身的(de)(de)(de)潛能,實(shi)現自我價值,在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作中有(you)盼頭(tou)(tou)。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)為(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)做職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)涯規(gui)劃(hua)時,要轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變人才策略(lve),把以外(wai)部(bu)招聘(pin)為(wei)主轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化成以內部(bu)培養(yang)為(wei)主,外(wai)部(bu)招聘(pin)為(wei)輔,給員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展機會(hui)(hui),增(zeng)加了(le)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)盼頭(tou)(tou)和認同感。在(zai)具體(ti)落實(shi)時,可(ke)以通過員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)能評級和管(guan)理人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內部(bu)競聘(pin)來實(shi)現員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)劃(hua)。如有(you)些外(wai)資企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)很(hen)少(shao)招聘(pin)空(kong)降(jiang)兵,而是(shi)通過內部(bu)培養(yang),基(ji)(ji)層操作工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)以晉(jin)升(sheng)為(wei)技(ji)師也可(ke)以晉(jin)升(sheng)到(dao)公(gong)司高層。
4、塑造(zao)良(liang)好的(de)企業文(wen)化,提(ti)升員工的(de)契合度
企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)化建設是現代企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)的(de)一(yi)(yi)個重(zhong)要(yao)內容,國內外經(jing)驗表明,成(cheng)功(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)都具有(you)優秀(xiu)的(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)化,企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)化可以使員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)確立共同(tong)的(de)價值觀念和行(xing)為(wei)準則,在企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)內部形(xing)成(cheng)強(qiang)(qiang)大的(de)凝(ning)聚力(li)和向(xiang)心(xin)力(li),使員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)產生一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)自(zi)(zi)我約束和自(zi)(zi)我激(ji)勵。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)者特別是高層領導(dao)更要(yao)建立一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)高效企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)化氛圍,激(ji)發(fa)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)潛(qian)能,讓員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)能實現自(zi)(zi)我價值,形(xing)成(cheng)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)和員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)之間(jian)的(de)強(qiang)(qiang)契合度(員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)在感(gan)情上(shang)和理(li)智上(shang)都認(ren)同(tong)公(gong)司(si)的(de)文(wen)(wen)化,愿(yuan)意(yi)為(wei)公(gong)司(si)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)而發(fa)揮(hui)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)所有(you)潛(qian)能,而不(bu)計較報酬,把公(gong)司(si)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)當自(zi)(zi)己的(de)事業(ye)(ye)來做),增(zeng)加員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)敬業(ye)(ye)度和歸宿感(gan),減少核心(xin)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)流失。
總之,要(yao)留(liu)住(zhu)核心(xin)員工(gong),必(bi)須(xu)抓住(zhu)核心(xin)員工(gong)的(de)內(nei)心(xin)需(xu)(xu)求,從物質(zhi)需(xu)(xu)求向精神(shen)需(xu)(xu)求發(fa)展,在企業內(nei)部讓員工(gong)能發(fa)財、成才、做事業和(he)形成員工(gong)認同(tong)的(de)文(wen)化,才能從根本(ben)上留(liu)住(zhu)核心(xin)員工(gong)。
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