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中國企業培訓講師

企業為什么要做人力成本分析?

 
講師:胡八一 瀏覽次數:2349
 企業生存壓力一方面來自人力成本上升的壓力,相信企業的領導者深有感觸。降低人力成本是一個不需要論證的真理,每個企業家都想做到,為什么?因為你企業的產品附加值并沒改變,銷售量也沒增加,通脹了,成本上升了,應對通脹,必須加工資,可加工資后成本上升了,怎么辦?現在每個企業都在分析人力成本,看能怎么降低。所以控制人力資源成本是所有企業都必須面對的一件大事,做好人力成本的預算也是企業管理中的一個棘手問題。

 說到人力(li)成本上(shang)升的(de)壓力(li),我相(xiang)信(xin)企(qi)業的(de)管理(li)者(zhe)都應該是(shi)深有(you)感(gan)觸了。降低人力(li)成本幾(ji)乎(hu)是(shi)一個不(bu)(bu)需要(yao)論證(zheng)的(de)真理(li),為(wei)什么?因為(wei)你(ni)企(qi)業的(de)產品附加值沒有(you)變(bian),銷售量也沒有(you)變(bian),可是(shi)物價上(shang)漲了,外圍的(de)工(gong)資上(shang)漲了,你(ni)還不(bu)(bu)給(gei)員工(gong)加工(gong)資,行(xing)嗎(ma)?加也是(shi)死,不(bu)(bu)加也是(shi)死。只(zhi)有(you)做人力(li)成本分析,找(zhao)出一條活路來,才有(you)可能死里逃(tao)生。

[案例1]

工資誰說(shuo)了算?

我(wo)曾經(jing)給(gei)廣東(dong)順德的一家家用(yong)電器企(qi)業做(zuo)過咨(zi)詢項目,這(zhe)家公(gong)司(si)去年上半(ban)年員工流失率(lv)很(hen)高,當時(shi)該公(gong)司(si)老(lao)(lao)(lao)板很(hen)生氣(qi),他對(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)部經(jing)理(li)說:“你(ni)這(zhe)個經(jing)理(li)是(shi)(shi)怎么當的啊(a),上次(ci)不是(shi)(shi)安排(pai)你(ni)去聽(ting)了(le)培(pei)訓課嗎(ma),人(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)不就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)招人(ren)(ren)(ren)、用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、留人(ren)(ren)(ren),育人(ren)(ren)(ren)嗎(ma),人(ren)(ren)(ren)都(dou)(dou)不能留下,以后(hou)還怎么做(zuo),你(ni)上次(ci)的課程是(shi)(shi)白聽(ting)的嗎(ma)?”人(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)部經(jing)理(li)說:“老(lao)(lao)(lao)板,這(zhe)些員工離開的時(shi)候,我(wo)都(dou)(dou)做(zuo)了(le)防談,他們(men)(men)都(dou)(dou)認為我(wo)們(men)(men)公(gong)司(si)的工資(zi)(zi)低了(le)。”老(lao)(lao)(lao)板:“工資(zi)(zi)如果確實(shi)低了(le),我(wo)們(men)(men)就(jiu)加工資(zi)(zi),你(ni)說應該加多(duo)少?”人(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)經(jing)理(li):“加多(duo)少,還是(shi)(shi)老(lao)(lao)(lao)板看著(zhu)辦(ban)吧。”老(lao)(lao)(lao)板又問(wen):“應該給(gei)哪些崗位加工資(zi)(zi)呢?”人(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)部經(jing)理(li):“還是(shi)(shi)老(lao)(lao)(lao)板決定(ding)(ding)吧。”老(lao)(lao)(lao)板:“什么都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)我(wo)決定(ding)(ding),我(wo)看著(zhu)辦(ban),你(ni)的存在(zai)還有什么價(jia)值呢?!”

為什么(me)要(yao)進行人力(li)(li)(li)分(fen)析呢?我們從上面例(li)(li)子(zi)可以看(kan)出(chu)(chu),公(gong)司(si)老板(ban)該拿出(chu)(chu)多少錢(qian)或拿出(chu)(chu)多少比例(li)(li)的錢(qian)來支(zhi)付(fu)員(yuan)工(gong)的報酬,才能留住(zhu)員(yuan)工(gong),并且(qie)實現員(yuan)工(gong)與(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的雙贏,這(zhe)要(yao)做人力(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)本(ben)分(fen)析,而且(qie)作為人力(li)(li)(li)資(zi)源管理(li)人員(yuan),也有責任幫助公(gong)司(si)領導者對人力(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)本(ben)進行分(fen)析,提出(chu)(chu)合理(li)的數據化(hua)的建議,否則,就會降低人力(li)(li)(li)資(zi)源管理(li)者的崗位(wei)能力(li)(li)(li),降低企(qi)業(ye)(ye)對該崗位(wei)的期望。因此,進行人力(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)本(ben)分(fen)析的目(mu)的一般包括(kuo):

一、企業應該設計怎樣的工資標準才能(neng)招到人

1、什么是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)?工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)等(deng)級制(zhi)度的(de)組成部分之(zhi)一,表明(ming)各等(deng)級職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)標(biao)準(zhun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)水(shui)平(ping)。日工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)率的(de)計(ji)算(suan)方法是:日工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)率=月標(biao)準(zhun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)÷平(ping)均(jun)每月法定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作天數(shu)(一般(ban)星期(qi)六、日有的(de)單位是不計(ji)算(suan)在(zai)內)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)通(tong)常是企業參(can)考國家有關最(zui)低工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)的(de)標(biao)準(zhun),考慮(lv)到市場對該崗位人才(cai)的(de)需求而制(zhi)定(ding)的(de),同時(shi)參(can)考員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)齡、職稱(cheng)、業務水(shui)平(ping)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作崗位等(deng)等(deng)級不同設定(ding)。

2、工資(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)形式(shi):有最低工資(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)、固定工資(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)和浮動工資(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)等(deng)形式(shi)。

①最低(di)工(gong)資標(biao)(biao)準:最低(di)工(gong)資標(biao)(biao)準是指(zhi)企業中從事最簡單、最不熟練勞動(dong)(dong)者,單位工(gong)作(zuo)時間(jian)的(de)工(gong)資數(shu)額。最低(di)工(gong)資標(biao)(biao)準一般(ban)采取月最低(di)工(gong)資標(biao)(biao)準和(he)小(xiao)時最低(di)工(gong)資標(biao)(biao)準兩(liang)種形式,月最低(di)工(gong)資標(biao)(biao)準適用于全(quan)日制就業勞動(dong)(dong)者,小(xiao)時最低(di)工(gong)資標(biao)(biao)準適用于非全(quan)日制就業勞動(dong)(dong)者。一般(ban)包括獎(jiang)金(jin)和(he)一些補貼(tie)。最低(di)工(gong)資標(biao)(biao)準每兩(liang)年(nian)至少年(nian)調整一次。

[延伸閱讀]

最低工資(zi)制度的(de)前世(shi)今生

最低(di)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)制度(du)(du)最早產生于十(shi)(shi)九世紀末的(de)(de)(de)新西蘭、澳大利亞,其后,英國、法國、美國等資(zi)(zi)本(ben)主義(yi)國家(jia)也結合本(ben)國實(shi)際(ji),建立了各自的(de)(de)(de)最低(di)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)制度(du)(du)。最低(di)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)產生是(shi)由(you)于在工(gong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)斗(dou)爭下,政府不(bu)(bu)得(de)不(bu)(bu)采用法律(lv)性措(cuo)施,規定工(gong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)得(de)低(di)于某(mou)一限度(du)(du),以改變工(gong)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)水平和實(shi)際(ji)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)斷降低(di)的(de)(de)(de)局(ju)面。隨著二十(shi)(shi)世紀工(gong)人(ren)(ren)運動的(de)(de)(de)高漲和社會經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展,資(zi)(zi)本(ben)主義(yi)國家(jia)很快普遍實(shi)行了最低(di)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)制度(du)(du)。

二(er)次世界大戰(zhan)以后,不(bu)少(shao)發展中國家也實行(xing)了(le)最低工資(zi)制度。他們考(kao)慮到:第(di)一(yi),低工資(zi)不(bu)可能成為(wei)高(gao)效(xiao)率(lv)工人(ren);第(di)二(er),工人(ren)實際收入低,購買力(li)也低,勢必妨礙市場(chang)的擴大和經濟的發展;第(di)三,工人(ren)中低收入階層如(ru)其(qi)工資(zi)收入低于維持生計,勢必影(ying)響到社會的穩定。因此(ci),有必要實行(xing)最低工資(zi)制度,以避免或(huo)減少(shao)以上問題的不(bu)利(li)影(ying)響。

實踐證明,發展(zhan)中(zhong)國家實行最(zui)低工資制度只(zhi)要與(yu)其本國經濟發展(zhan)相適應,是(shi)與(yu)促進經濟發展(zhan)不相矛盾的(de)。前蘇聯和東歐各國,從二十世紀(ji)五、六十年代以來(lai),也先后規(gui)定了本國的(de)最(zui)低工資收入標準或工資浮動下(xia)限(xian)。到目前為(wei)止,世界所(suo)有發達國家,絕大部(bu)分(fen)發展(zhan)中(zhong)國家都實行了最(zui)低工資制度或類(lei)似規(gui)定。

最低(di)工資標(biao)準(zhun)是確定(ding)工資差別的基礎(chu),其水平(ping)的高低(di)在(zai)很大程度上反映宏觀工資的總體水平(ping)。企(qi)業(ye)(ye)最低(di)工資標(biao)準(zhun)的確定(ding)主要根據企(qi)業(ye)(ye)自身特征,但也要考慮以下3個(ge)因素的影響:

1)國(guo)家(jia)法定的(de)最(zui)低(di)(di)工(gong)資率,或(huo)最(zui)低(di)(di)工(gong)資標準(zhun)。企業(ye)和國(guo)家(jia)最(zui)低(di)(di)工(gong)資標準(zhun)不(bu)是一個概(gai)念,但在(zai)一般情況(kuang)下,企業(ye)最(zui)低(di)(di)工(gong)資標準(zhun)高于國(guo)家(jia)法定的(de)最(zui)低(di)(di)工(gong)資標準(zhun)。   
 
2)以企業內最簡(jian)單、最不熟練的勞動技(ji)能和勞動成果為依據。

3)企業(ye)(ye)最低工資標準不應是一個固定的(de)量,應該隨著企業(ye)(ye)生產經營的(de)發展、勞動生產率的(de)提高以及(ji)本企業(ye)(ye)工資基金規模的(de)變動適當(dang)的(de)做出調(diao)整。

[案例3]

跑贏最低工(gong)(gong)資標(biao)準(zhun)留住農民工(gong)(gong)

大家都知道(dao),在2011年(nian)春節(jie)后(hou),各地普遍出現招(zhao)工(gong)(gong)難的情況。在這(zhe)情況下,廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)市人(ren)力資(zi)(zi)源市場服務中心統計顯示,廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)市節(jie)后(hou)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)需補(bu)員15萬人(ren)左(zuo)右,缺口與往年(nian)持平(ping),農民(min)工(gong)(gong)流失率不高。據廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)市勞動部門統計,企業(ye)新招(zhao)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)平(ping)均(jun)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)漲幅略微超過(guo)11%.不帶(dai)等級(ji)的普通工(gong)(gong)人(ren)起薪已(yi)達到(dao)1335元(yuan),初級(ji)工(gong)(gong)起薪為1480元(yuan)。盡管廣(guang)(guang)東省最低(di)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)標準從(cong)3月1日起才開始正式實施,但(dan)很多企業(ye)給外來工(gong)(gong)開出的工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)福利早(zao)已(yi)經超過(guo)最低(di)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)標準。

其實,我覺得,廣州(zhou)在(zai)(zai)亞運(yun)會之后對農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)還是十(shi)分(fen)具有吸(xi)(xi)引力(li),只(zhi)要吃住的(de)問題解(jie)決了,工(gong)(gong)(gong)資也不是卡在(zai)(zai)“天(tian)花板(ban)”上不去,自然(ran)能留住農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。過去,在(zai)(zai)企(qi)業(ye)用工(gong)(gong)(gong)不愁的(de)時期,原(yuan)本給農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)“保底”的(de)最低工(gong)(gong)(gong)資標準(zhun)卻變成了實際發放標準(zhun),就業(ye)壓(ya)力(li)迫使農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資長期原(yuan)地(di)踏步,難(nan)以突破“天(tian)花板(ban)”的(de)限制。如(ru)今,市場的(de)供求關(guan)系發生變化,廣州(zhou)市的(de)市場人員需求比(bi)率達到1:1.14.有很多農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)還是愿意(yi)離(li)開家鄉(xiang)去打(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de),關(guan)鍵是在(zai)(zai)當地(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資待遇有沒有足夠的(de)吸(xi)(xi)引力(li)。

案例評點

最低(di)工(gong)資(zi)標準(zhun)(zhun)對農民工(gong)就業(ye)的(de)影響存在一個(ge)閾(yu)(yu)值(zhi)。在該(gai)閾(yu)(yu)值(zhi)之前(qian),最低(di)工(gong)資(zi)標準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)增加會(hui)促進農民工(gong)就業(ye),而超(chao)過(guo)該(gai)閾(yu)(yu)值(zhi)后,農民工(gong)就業(ye)就會(hui)隨著最低(di)工(gong)資(zi)標準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)增加而減少。市(shi)場杠桿讓農民工(gong)有了議價(jia)的(de)能力,而工(gong)資(zi)才(cai)是最大的(de)杠桿。只要市(shi)場調節好了,工(gong)資(zi)待遇(yu)令農民工(gong)滿意了,自然(ran)能留(liu)住農民工(gong)。

②固定(ding)(ding)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)標準(zhun):固定(ding)(ding)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)標準(zhun)的含義(yi)是每一個(ge)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)等級只規定(ding)(ding)一個(ge)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)數額,一旦(dan)確定(ding)(ding),長(chang)期穩定(ding)(ding)不變,與企(qi)業經(jing)濟效益沒有直接關(guan)系。

③浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)資標(biao)準:浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)資指職工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)資隨著(zhu)職工(gong)(gong)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)成(cheng)果的(de)大小(xiao)而上下浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)資總額通常不(bu)包(bao)括固定性的(de)津貼(tie)和補貼(tie)(如副食品(pin)價格補貼(tie))以及(ji)特殊(shu)情況下支付的(de)工(gong)(gong)資。企業可(ke)以根據(ju)需要(yao),選(xuan)擇(ze)工(gong)(gong)資總額中浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)部分的(de)構成(cheng)。浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)資標(biao)準的(de)含義(yi)是每一個工(gong)(gong)資等級規定2到(dao)3個工(gong)(gong)資數額,隨企業經濟效益及(ji)個人勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)貢獻上下浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。

二(er)、分(fen)析(xi)人(ren)力總成本的(de)合理(li)性

企(qi)業人(ren)(ren)力(li)資(zi)源成本(ben)管理(li)應以強化(hua)企(qi)業未來競爭優(you)勢和(he)提(ti)高長(chang)期效益為最終目標(biao)。到底多少人(ren)(ren)力(li)總(zong)成本(ben)才算合(he)適呢?這(zhe)要進行(xing)人(ren)(ren)力(li)成本(ben)的分析。

三、預算和控制(zhi)薪資總額或(huo)總比例(人力成本率)

人(ren)力(li)(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成本(ben)的(de)預算(suan)與控制既(ji)是(shi)所有(you)達(da)到一定規(gui)模(mo)的(de)企業都必(bi)須面(mian)對的(de)一件(jian)大(da)事,也是(shi)企業管理中的(de)一個棘手問題(ti)。通過(guo)合(he)理的(de)規(gui)劃和預算(suan)可以很有(you)效(xiao)地降低成本(ben)。預算(suan)前(qian)首先要(yao)(yao)判斷(duan)人(ren)力(li)(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成本(ben)是(shi)收益性支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)還(huan)(huan)是(shi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)性支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu),并據此決定預算(suan)是(shi)短期還(huan)(huan)是(shi)長期、靜態(tai)還(huan)(huan)是(shi)彈性的(de)。通過(guo)預算(suan)使成本(ben)在合(he)理的(de)幅度(du)內變化,不(bu)至于(yu)嚴重(zhong)不(bu)足或過(guo)分(fen)溢出(chu)(chu)(chu)。各種財務管理運(yun)用(yong)的(de)預算(suan)方法,幾乎都能夠用(yong)于(yu)人(ren)力(li)(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成本(ben)預算(suan)上。同時(shi),要(yao)(yao)有(you)合(he)理的(de)規(gui)劃,核心是(shi)進(jin)行人(ren)力(li)(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成本(ben)的(de)效(xiao)益性分(fen)析,目(mu)的(de)為最有(you)效(xiao)地利用(yong)人(ren)力(li)(li)(li)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),修正不(bu)經濟的(de)支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。

[案例4]

如何(he)控制人力(li)成本?

我(wo)在(zai)做(zuo)咨詢項目(mu)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)發現,某企(qi)業快(kuai)速成長過(guo)程中(zhong),有一些問題讓老板很困惑(huo):成立一個投(tou)資公(gong)司/子公(gong)司/項目(mu)部,各負責人(ren)就會說(shuo)人(ren)不(bu)夠,逼著他簽(qian)字招人(ren),而且人(ren)總是(shi)不(bu)夠。負責人(ren)力(li)資源的(de)(de)總經辦(ban)(ban)也拿不(bu)出(chu)很好的(de)(de)建議,能壓(ya)就壓(ya),壓(ya)不(bu)住(zhu)就逼到(dao)他這里來(lai)了(le)(le)。財務中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)年(nian)底利(li)潤核算(suan),看不(bu)到(dao)預期利(li)潤。企(qi)業內部出(chu)現了(le)(le)營(ying)銷中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)“簽(qian)單很熱鬧”、財務中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)“資金運營(ying)緊張”、總經辦(ban)(ban)“工資成本逐年(nian)水漲船(chuan)高(gao)”、員工抱(bao)怨“收(shou)入偏低”的(de)(de)現象(xiang)。

到(dao)底多少(shao)人力成(cheng)本才算合適呢?企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)又應(ying)該如何控(kong)制人力成(cheng)本呢?企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)老板迫切想看到(dao)“他(ta)的(de)(de)錢到(dao)底用在(zai)了什么地(di)方,人力成(cheng)本上他(ta)能支付的(de)(de)是多少(shao)?達到(dao)公司最(zui)高業(ye)(ye)績目(mu)標時能發多少(shao)?達到(dao)公司最(zui)低(di)目(mu)標時,他(ta)又能發多少(shao)?”因(yin)此,薪(xin)酬預算便(bian)成(cheng)為重(zhong)中之重(zhong),它(ta)是人力成(cheng)本控(kong)制的(de)(de)重(zhong)要方式之一,屬于人力成(cheng)本的(de)(de)事(shi)前(qian)控(kong)制。

為(wei)了真(zhen)正發揮薪酬(chou)預(yu)算的(de)作(zuo)用(yong),達(da)到適度(du)控制(zhi)的(de)目的(de),我建議該公(gong)司對下(xia)(xia)(xia)屬單(dan)位采用(yong)薪酬(chou)總額控制(zhi)的(de)預(yu)算管理模式,具體薪酬(chou)預(yu)算上采用(yong)自下(xia)(xia)(xia)而上(下(xia)(xia)(xia)屬公(gong)司和部門依據(ju)歷(li)史測算數據(ju)上報(bao))和自上而下(xia)(xia)(xia)(與銷售(shou)收入等(deng)關鍵業績指標相掛鉤(gou))相結合的(de)方式,既引入新的(de)人(ren)力(li)成本管控模式,又與歷(li)史接(jie)軌保證平(ping)穩過渡。

案(an)例(li)評點

通過(guo)人(ren)(ren)力(li)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)預算和嚴格控(kong)(kong)制,不(bu)僅能(neng)夠(gou)讓(rang)各子公司和部門(men)負責人(ren)(ren)感受到人(ren)(ren)力(li)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)與公司總體效益(yi)的(de)(de)關系,同時(shi),人(ren)(ren)力(li)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)也傳遞到了各用人(ren)(ren)部門(men)。薪(xin)酬預算是人(ren)(ren)里成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)方式之一,屬于人(ren)(ren)力(li)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)事前控(kong)(kong)制。

四、有目標(biao)性地(di)提高人均效益,降低人力成本率

其實,任何一位企(qi)業家都很關心(xin)“到底該(gai)拿出多少錢或(huo)銷售額(e)的(de)(de)(de)多少比例來(lai)發工資才是(shi)合理的(de)(de)(de)”這一問題。一個(ge)較為(wei)成熟的(de)(de)(de)行業甚至每一個(ge)企(qi)業在(zai)經營條(tiao)件變化(hua)不(bu)大的(de)(de)(de)前提下,人(ren)力成本率(lv)(lv)應該(gai)是(shi)個(ge)“常數”。人(ren)力成本率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)計算公式為(wei):

人力(li)成(cheng)本(ben)率=當期(qi)總(zong)人力(li)成(cheng)本(ben)÷當期(qi)銷售額

人力資源管理者(zhe)做的(de)許多工作,最終(zhong)都需要通過財務數(shu)據來體現(xian)的(de)。如下圖(tu):

如上圖(tu)所示,兩(liang)條(tiao)曲(qu)線中,人力成本率(lv)是一條(tiao)下(xia)降的曲(qu)線;人均年收入是一條(tiao)上升的曲(qu)線。從(cong)企業發展的態(tai)勢來看,人力成本率(lv)被(bei)要求要不斷(duan)下(xia)降的。

知道他們(men)為(wei)什么要做人力成(cheng)本分(fen)析了后(hou),他們(men)也要了解(jie)一下(xia)影響人力成(cheng)本分(fen)析的因素(su)有哪些(xie),這樣,他們(men)才能把人


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