民企(qi)老板對知識管理存(cun)在(zai)誤區
樂(le)載兵說,企業進行知識(shi)(shi)管理就是(shi)要把私人的(de)(de)(de)知識(shi)(shi)轉化(hua)為組織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)知識(shi)(shi),以提升組織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)創新能(neng)力和應變(bian)能(neng)力。但是(shi),目(mu)前在(zai)民(min)營企業的(de)(de)(de)知識(shi)(shi)管理中還存在(zai)著(zhu)許多誤區,許多老板認(ren)為知識(shi)(shi)管理和知識(shi)(shi)型員工的(de)(de)(de)管理非我關心之重(zhong)點,樂(le)載兵強調這是(shi)民(min)企老板的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識(shi)(shi)誤區。
知識管(guan)理的四大要素
樂載兵認為(wei),知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可以分(fen)(fen)為(wei)幾(ji)大(da)類:從(cong)層次上來(lai)講,分(fen)(fen)為(wei)私(si)人(ren)(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩大(da)類;從(cong)性(xing)質(zhi)來(lai)說(shuo),可以分(fen)(fen)為(wei)隱性(xing)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與顯性(xing)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);從(cong)程(cheng)度(du)來(lai)說(shuo),又可以分(fen)(fen)為(wei)一般知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與特殊知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);從(cong)其它(ta)方面看(kan),又可劃分(fen)(fen)為(wei):功能知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、營(ying)運知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、情境(jing)(jing)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。樂載兵一再(zai)強(qiang)調知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管理有(you)四個(ge)要素:即人(ren)(ren)員知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)員工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)激勵和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)管理;文(wen)化知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)享、創造和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)運用;流程(cheng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)架構促(cu)進(jin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管理,激勵知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)(xing)員工(gong);技術(shu)獲取和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)傳(chuan)遞私(si)人(ren)(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)本)使之成為(wei)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)本)。他說(shuo),只有(you)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)速度(du)大(da)于環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)變(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)速度(du),企業才(cai)能生(sheng)存。學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)型(xing)(xing)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)可分(fen)(fen):單環(huan)(huan)(huan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)提高效率(把(ba)事(shi)做(zuo)正確),變(bian)革(ge)但不(bu)質(zhi)疑(yi)假設和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)核心信(xin)(xin)條(tiao);雙環(huan)(huan)(huan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)改變(bian)戰略(做(zuo)正確的(de)(de)(de)事(shi))、常規、信(xin)(xin)條(tiao)等;三環(huan)(huan)(huan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)對組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)的(de)(de)(de)再(zai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi),即如何(he)進(jin)行單環(huan)(huan)(huan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)雙環(huan)(huan)(huan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)。經濟(ji)實體(ti)應該(gai)建立學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)型(xing)(xing)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi),通過(guo)(guo)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi),組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi),智(zhi)(zhi)力資(zi)產,信(xin)(xin)息系(xi)統設施(shi),知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管理和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)創新(xin),組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)其系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)解決問題(ti),試(shi)驗新(xin)方法;從(cong)過(guo)(guo)去(qu)經驗和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)歷史學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi),從(cong)他人(ren)(ren)經驗和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)*做(zuo)法學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi),快(kuai)速、有(you)效地在組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)內傳(chuan)遞知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),來(lai)培養員工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)心智(zhi)(zhi)模式、共(gong)同愿景。
社交(jiao)資本是知識管理能否成功的關鍵(jian)
樂載兵告(gao)知(zhi)(zhi)記(ji)者,培育(yu)社交(jiao)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)是(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)管理(li)和管理(li)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)型員(yuan)工(gong)能(neng)(neng)否成(cheng)功(gong)的(de)(de)關鍵。他說,社交(jiao)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)是(shi)通過個人(ren)(ren)和社會(hui)單(dan)位所擁有的(de)(de)關系網所獲得的(de)(de)實際和潛(qian)在(zai)資(zi)(zi)源的(de)(de)總和,它(ta)的(de)(de)重要性(xing)體現在(zai)經濟交(jiao)易、人(ren)(ren)力(li)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)、知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)分(fen)享和創造上,并(bing)會(hui)影響職業成(cheng)功(gong)和薪酬。因此提供豐富(fu)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)才資(zi)(zi)源庫,將促(cu)進(jin)單(dan)位之間的(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)源交(jiao)流、產品創新、智力(li)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)創造和跨職能(neng)(neng)團隊效率(lv),減(jian)少員(yuan)工(gong)流失和組織摩(mo)擦(ca),并(bing)可(ke)以(yi)加強同客戶(hu)、供應(ying)商等(deng)的(de)(de)合作,增強學習,形成(cheng)互信、尊重、關愛的(de)(de)工(gong)作氛圍,尤(you)其是(shi)在(zai)隱(yin)性(xing)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)獲取上。他認為隱(yin)性(xing)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)乃競(jing)爭(zheng)優(you)勢之最終源泉,它(ta)難以(yi)編碼、用語言或文字等(deng)表達,難以(yi)傳遞,但通過社交(jiao)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)一(yi)定程度上達到隱(yin)性(xing)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)分(fen)享。
對知識型員工實行績效管理(li)
樂(le)載兵說,知識型(xing)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)尋求什么(me)?責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)、自(zi)由(you)、參與、自(zi)我發展(zhan)機會、意見能(neng)被(bei)聽(ting)取、受到尊(zun)重。那么(me)如(ru)何吸(xi)引優秀人(ren)才(cai)加入團(tuan)隊?品牌已(yi)經(jing)成為(wei)吸(xi)引人(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精明雇主(zhu),知識型(xing)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)績效(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)理(li)(li)也是重要因素(su)。知識型(xing)企(qi)業(ye)應(ying)該實行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)績效(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)理(li)(li)模式(shi)是目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)管(guan)理(li)(li)法。目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)管(guan)理(li)(li)通過(guo)(guo)專(zhuan)門設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),將組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)逐(zhu)級(ji)(ji)分(fen)解(jie),轉換為(wei)各部門、各員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。在目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)分(fen)解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),明確(que)權(quan)力(li)和(he)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)。目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)方向一(yi)致、環環相扣、相互配合(he),才(cai)能(neng)形(xing)成協調(diao)統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。只有(you)(you)每個人(ren)完(wan)成了自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao),組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)才(cai)能(neng)完(wan)成。同時(shi)(shi),目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)管(guan)理(li)(li)關(guan)注(zhu)與目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)職責(ze)及貢(gong)獻和(he)產出。所(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)績效(xiao)(xiao)評估關(guan)注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都(dou)是員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)范(fan)圍內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)產出與工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)表現(xian),如(ru)軟件開發公司(si)關(guan)注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就是公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟件開發目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)和(he)銷售計劃(hua),任(ren)(ren)(ren)何工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)之外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)表現(xian)都(dou)不(bu)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)績效(xiao)(xiao)評估的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依據(ju)。樂(le)載兵強調(diao),目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)管(guan)理(li)(li)是一(yi)種程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)或過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),它使組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上、下(xia)級(ji)(ji)一(yi)起協商,根據(ju)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使命確(que)定一(yi)定時(shi)(shi)期(qi)內組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao),由(you)此決(jue)定上、下(xia)級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)分(fen)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao),并把(ba)這(zhe)些(xie)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)經(jing)營、應(ying)評估和(he)獎勵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。并不(bu)是有(you)(you)了工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)才(cai)有(you)(you)了目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao),而是有(you)(you)了目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)才(cai)能(neng)確(que)定每個人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo);同時(shi)(shi),目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)管(guan)理(li)(li)不(bu)是完(wan)全(quan)不(bu)考核過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。由(you)于(yu)形(xing)成了目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)體系,一(yi)環失誤,就會牽動(dong)全(quan)局。因此,在目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)實施過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)不(bu)可缺(que)少。
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